Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China.
Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China.
Nutrients. 2023 Oct 11;15(20):4332. doi: 10.3390/nu15204332.
Because the associations between different dietary protein sources and the risks of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are inconsistent, and those of eating habits with GDM have rarely been explored, we aimed to investigate the independent and joint association of major dietary protein sources and eating habits with GDM in a case-control study including 353 GDM cases and 718 controls in China. Dietary protein intake and eating habits prior to GDM diagnosis were collected through questionnaires at 24~28 gestational weeks. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the independent and joint associations of dietary protein intake and eating habits with GDM. The Anderson model was used assess if there is an additive interaction between them. Animal protein, red meat protein and dairy products protein intake were significantly and positively associated with GDM. Among the eating habits, preferences for hot food, firm food and soft food were significantly associated with higher odds of GDM. Individuals with unhealthy eating habits and high dietary protein simultaneously had the highest odds of GDM, and the ORs were 2.06 (1.25, 3.41) for the total protein, 2.97 (1.78, 4.96) for animal meat, 3.98 (2.41, 6.57) for the red meat protein and 2.82 (1.81, 4.41) for the dairy protein; the values for the trend were all significant ( < 0.001). However, no additive interaction was detected. In conclusion, our study found that dietary protein intake and eating habits prior to GDM diagnosis were both independently and jointly associated with the odds of GDM.
由于不同的膳食蛋白质来源与妊娠糖尿病（GDM）风险之间的关联并不一致，而且饮食习惯与 GDM 之间的关联也很少被探索，因此我们旨在通过一项病例对照研究，在中国调查主要膳食蛋白质来源和饮食习惯与 GDM 之间的独立和联合关联。在妊娠 24~28 周时，通过问卷收集了 GDM 病例 353 例和对照 718 例的膳食蛋白质摄入量和饮食习惯。采用多变量逻辑回归评估了膳食蛋白质摄入量和饮食习惯与 GDM 的独立和联合关联。采用 Anderson 模型评估它们之间是否存在相加交互作用。动物蛋白、红肉蛋白和乳制品蛋白的摄入量与 GDM 呈显著正相关。在饮食习惯方面，对热食、硬食和软食的偏好与 GDM 的发病风险显著增加相关。同时存在不健康饮食习惯和高膳食蛋白质的个体发生 GDM 的几率最高，总蛋白的 OR 值为 2.06（1.25，3.41），动物肉类为 2.97（1.78，4.96），红肉蛋白为 3.98（2.41，6.57），乳制品蛋白为 2.82（1.81，4.41）；趋势值均有显著意义（<0.001）。然而，没有检测到相加交互作用。总之，我们的研究发现，GDM 诊断前的膳食蛋白质摄入和饮食习惯均与 GDM 的发病几率独立且共同相关。
