State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
Nutrients. 2023 Oct 17;15(20):4399. doi: 10.3390/nu15204399.
Cholecystectomy (CCE) is a standard clinical treatment for conditions like gallstones and cholecystitis. However, its link to post-CCE syndrome, colorectal cancer, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has raised concerns. Additionally, studies have demonstrated the disruptive effects of CCE on gut microbiota homeostasis and bile acid (BA) metabolism. Considering the role of gut microbiota in regulating host metabolic and immune pathways, the use of dietary and probiotic intervention strategies to maintain a stable gut ecosystem after CCE could potentially reduce associated disease risks. Inter-study variations have made it challenging to identify consistent gut microbiota patterns after CCE, a prerequisite for targeted interventions. In this study, we first meta-analyzed 218 raw 16S rRNA gene sequencing datasets to determine consistent patterns of structural and functional changes in the gut microbiota after CCE. Our results revealed significant alterations in the gut microbiota's structure and function due to CCE. Furthermore, we identified characteristic gut microbiota changes associated with CCE by constructing a random model classifier. In the validation cohort, this classifier achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.713 and 0.683 when distinguishing between the microbiota of the CCE and healthy groups at the family and genus levels, respectively. Further, fecal metabolomics analysis demonstrated that CCE also substantially modified the metabolic profile, including decreased fecal short-chain fatty acid levels and disrupted BA metabolism. Importantly, dietary patterns, particularly excessive fat and total energy intake, influenced gut microbiota and metabolic profile changes post-CCE. These dietary habits were associated with further enrichment of the microbiota related to BA metabolism and increased levels of intestinal inflammation after CCE. In conclusion, our study identified specific alterations in gut microbiota homeostasis and metabolic profiles associated with CCE. It also revealed a potential link between dietary patterns and gut microbiota changes following CCE. Our study provides a theoretical basis for modulating gut microbiota homeostasis after CCE using long-term dietary strategies and probiotic interventions.
胆囊切除术（CCE）是治疗胆结石和胆囊炎等疾病的标准临床治疗方法。然而，它与 CCE 后综合征、结直肠癌和非酒精性脂肪性肝病的关联引起了人们的关注。此外，研究表明 CCE 会破坏肠道微生物组的平衡和胆汁酸（BA）代谢。鉴于肠道微生物组在调节宿主代谢和免疫途径方面的作用，使用饮食和益生菌干预策略来维持 CCE 后稳定的肠道生态系统，可能会降低相关疾病的风险。由于 CCE 后肠道微生物组的一致性模式难以确定，各研究之间存在差异，这是进行靶向干预的前提。在这项研究中，我们首先对 218 个原始 16S rRNA 基因测序数据集进行了荟萃分析，以确定 CCE 后肠道微生物组结构和功能的一致变化模式。我们的结果表明，由于 CCE，肠道微生物组的结构和功能发生了显著变化。此外，我们通过构建随机模型分类器，确定了与 CCE 相关的特征性肠道微生物组变化。在验证队列中，该分类器在区分 CCE 组和健康组的菌群时，在科和属水平的受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）下面积（AUC）分别为 0.713 和 0.683。此外，粪便代谢组学分析表明，CE 还显著改变了代谢谱，包括粪便短链脂肪酸水平降低和 BA 代谢紊乱。重要的是，饮食模式，特别是高脂肪和总能量摄入，影响 CCE 后肠道微生物组和代谢谱的变化。这些饮食习惯与 BA 代谢相关的微生物群的进一步富集以及 CCE 后肠道炎症水平的增加有关。总之，我们的研究确定了与 CCE 相关的肠道微生物组平衡和代谢谱的特定变化。它还揭示了 CCE 后饮食模式与肠道微生物组变化之间的潜在联系。我们的研究为使用长期饮食策略和益生菌干预来调节 CCE 后肠道微生物组平衡提供了理论依据。
