Cao Qinghua, Chen Wenjun, Zhong Ying, Ma Xing, Wang Bo
School of Materials Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
Micromachines (Basel). 2023 Sep 24;14(10):1824. doi: 10.3390/mi14101824.
Hydrogel, a material with outstanding biocompatibility and shape deformation ability, has recently become a hot topic for researchers studying innovative functional materials due to the growth of new biomedicine. Due to their stimulus responsiveness to external environments, hydrogels have progressively evolved into "smart" responsive (such as to pH, light, electricity, magnetism, temperature, and humidity) materials in recent years. The physical and chemical properties of hydrogels have been used to construct hydrogel micro-nano robots which have demonstrated significant promise for biomedical applications. The different responsive deformation mechanisms in hydrogels are initially discussed in this study; after which, a number of preparation techniques and a variety of structural designs are introduced. This study also highlights the most recent developments in hydrogel micro-nano robots' biological applications, such as drug delivery, stem cell treatment, and cargo manipulation. On the basis of the hydrogel micro-nano robots' current state of development, current difficulties and potential future growth paths are identified.
水凝胶是一种具有出色生物相容性和形状变形能力的材料，由于新型生物医学的发展，近年来它已成为研究创新功能材料的研究人员的热门话题。由于水凝胶对外部环境具有刺激响应性，近年来它们已逐渐演变成“智能”响应性（如对pH值、光、电、磁、温度和湿度）材料。水凝胶的物理和化学性质已被用于构建水凝胶微纳机器人，这些机器人在生物医学应用中显示出巨大的潜力。本研究首先讨论了水凝胶中不同的响应变形机制；之后，介绍了一些制备技术和各种结构设计。本研究还重点介绍了水凝胶微纳机器人在生物应用方面的最新进展，如药物递送、干细胞治疗和货物操控。基于水凝胶微纳机器人的当前发展状况，确定了当前面临的困难和未来潜在的增长路径。
