Health Surveillance Unit, Mutual Insurance Union, 12004 Castellon, Spain.
Department of Medicine, Jaume I University, 12006 Castellon, Spain.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2023 Oct 17;59(10):1846. doi: 10.3390/medicina59101846.
: Arterial hypertension (HTN) is the leading preventable cause of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) and death from all causes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence rates of HTN diagnosed according to the threshold diagnostic criteria 130/80 mmHg and 140/90 mmHg, to compare blood pressure (BP) control, and to evaluate their associations with cardiovascular diseases and cardiometabolic and renal risk factors. : This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in primary care with a population-based random sample: 6588 people aged 18.0-102.8 years. Crude and adjusted prevalence rates of HTN were calculated. BP control was compared in HTN patients with and without ASCVD or chronic kidney disease (CKD). Their associations with cardiovascular diseases and cardiometabolic and renal factors were assessed using bivariate and multivariate analysis. : Adjusted prevalence rates of HTN diagnosed according to 140/90 and 130/90 criteria were 30.9% (32.9% male; 29.7% female) and 54.9% (63.2% male; 49.3% female), respectively. BP < 130/80 mmHg was achieved in 60.5% of HTN patients without ASCVD or CKD according to 140/90 criterion, and 65.5% according to 130/80 criterion. This BP-control was achieved in 70% of HTN patients with ASCVD and 71% with CKD, according to both criteria. Coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure, atrial fibrillation, stroke, diabetes, prediabetes, low glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), hyperuricemia, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, overweight, and increased waist-to-height ratio were independently associated with HTN according to both criteria. : Almost a third of the adult population has HTN according to the 140/90 criterion, and more than half according to the 130/90 criterion, with a higher prevalence in men. The main clinical conditions associated with HTN were heart failure, diabetes, CHD, low eGFR, and obesity.
动脉高血压（HTN）是动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（ASCVD）和全因死亡的主要可预防病因。本研究旨在确定根据诊断标准 130/80mmHg 和 140/90mmHg 诊断的 HTN 的患病率，比较血压（BP）控制情况，并评估其与心血管疾病以及心血管代谢和肾脏危险因素的相关性。
这是一项在初级保健中进行的基于人群的横断面观察性研究，采用随机抽样方法，共纳入 6588 名年龄在 18.0-102.8 岁的人群。计算了 HTN 的粗患病率和调整后患病率。比较了有和无 ASCVD 或慢性肾脏病（CKD）的 HTN 患者的 BP 控制情况。使用双变量和多变量分析评估了它们与心血管疾病以及心血管代谢和肾脏因素的相关性。
根据 140/90 和 130/90 标准诊断的 HTN 的调整后患病率分别为 30.9%（男性 32.9%；女性 29.7%）和 54.9%（男性 63.2%；女性 49.3%）。根据 140/90 标准，无 ASCVD 或 CKD 的 HTN 患者中，60.5%的患者 BP<130/80mmHg，根据 130/80 标准，65.5%的患者 BP<130/80mmHg。根据这两个标准，70%的 ASCVD 患者和 71%的 CKD 患者达到了这种 BP 控制。冠心病（CHD）、心力衰竭、心房颤动、中风、糖尿病、糖尿病前期、肾小球滤过率（eGFR）降低、高尿酸血症、高胆固醇血症、肥胖、超重和腰高比增加均与两种标准下的 HTN 独立相关。
根据 140/90 标准，近三分之一的成年人口患有 HTN，根据 130/80 标准，超过一半的人口患有 HTN，男性患病率更高。与 HTN 相关的主要临床情况包括心力衰竭、糖尿病、CHD、低 eGFR 和肥胖。
