Podgórska-Kryszczuk Izabela, Pankiewicz Urszula, Sas-Paszt Lidia
Department of Analysis and Food Quality Assessment, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland.
Department of Microbiology and Rhizosphere, The National Institute of Horticultural Research, Konstytucji 3 Maja 1/3, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland.
Foods. 2023 Oct 22;12(20):3871. doi: 10.3390/foods12203871.
and are important pathogenic fungi that pose a serious threat because of their ability to produce mycotoxins, including ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxins (AFs). The main method of reducing these pathogens is the use of chemical fungicides, though recently there has been a focus on finding biological control agents. The obtained results from this study indicate the great potential of two wild yeast strains, PP3 and D10, in the biological control of and and reductions in the amount of OTA and AFs they produce. In vitro, the growth of the mycelium of pathogens was reduced by 41.21% to 53.64%, and spore germination was inhibited by 58.39% to 71.22%. Both yeast strains produced the enzymes chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, and amylase, and PP3 additionally produced protease and cellulase. This yeast strain also had the ability to grow over a wide range of temperature (4-30 °C), salinity (0-12%) and pH (4-11) conditions. No growth of the yeast was observed at 37 °C, nor any biogenic amines or hydrogen sulfide production. Adding the tested yeast inoculum to the dough reduced OTA (within 14.55-21.80%) and AFs (within 18.10-25.02%) in the model bread.
[未提及的两种真菌名称]和[未提及的两种真菌名称]是重要的致病真菌，由于它们能够产生包括赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）和黄曲霉毒素（AFs）在内的霉菌毒素，因而构成严重威胁。减少这些病原体的主要方法是使用化学杀菌剂，不过最近人们开始关注寻找生物防治剂。这项研究获得的结果表明，两种野生酵母菌株PP3和D10在对[未提及的两种真菌名称]的生物防治以及减少它们所产生的OTA和AFs量方面具有巨大潜力。在体外，病原体菌丝体的生长减少了41.21%至53.64%，孢子萌发受到58.39%至71.22%的抑制。两种酵母菌株都产生了几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶和淀粉酶，并且PP3还额外产生了蛋白酶和纤维素酶。这种酵母菌株还能够在很宽的温度（4 - 30°C）、盐度（0 - 12%）和pH（4 - 11）条件下生长。在37°C时未观察到酵母生长，也未产生任何生物胺或硫化氢。向面团中添加经测试的酵母接种物可减少模型面包中的OTA（减少14.55% - 21.80%）和AFs（减少18.10% - 25.02%）。
