College of Food science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China.
Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China.
Toxins (Basel). 2020 Aug 12;12(8):515. doi: 10.3390/toxins12080515.
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a nephrotoxic mycotoxin, which deserves particular attention for its widespread contamination of a variety of food and feed. , , and are an important source of OTA in three different kinds of food commodities, including cereals, grape and dried fruit products, and dry-cured meat products. Deeper knowledge of OTA production and mycelium growth related to the high-sugar or NaCl-rich environments was gained in this manuscript. and were likely to have greater growth rates in medium supplied with certain concentrations of NaCl (0-80 g/L), and the colony diameter was the largest at the salt content of 40 g/L. was more suitable to grow in NaCl-riched medium, the OTA production was increased to 316 ppb from 77 ppb when 20 g/L NaCl was added. The capability of OTA production was inhibited when salt content was 40 g/L and 60 g/L in and , respectively. As the glucose content increased to 250 g/L, the capacity of mycelium growth and sporulation was increased significantly in and . was more suitable to grow in high-sugar grape products. OTA production was significantly promoted with an added 100 g/L glucose in . OTA production was inhibited when glucose content was 150 g/L and in 200 g/L in and , respectively. NaCl and glucose have an effect on fungal growth and OTA production, and the activation of biosynthetic genes of OtaA. These results would allow designing new strategies to prevent OTA accumulation on sugar or NaCl-riched foodstuffs and achieve the objective to manufacture cereals, dried vine fruits and dry-cured ham, free of OTA.
赭曲霉毒素 A（OTA）是一种肾毒性真菌毒素，由于其广泛污染各种食品和饲料，因此应特别关注。葡萄、葡萄酒和干制肉类是三种不同食品中 OTA 的重要来源，谷物、干制水果和干制肉类。本研究深入了解了 OTA 产生和与高糖或高 NaCl 环境相关的菌丝生长。在一定浓度 NaCl（0-80 g/L）的培养基中，和可能具有更高的生长速率，盐含量为 40 g/L 时菌落直径最大。更适合在富含 NaCl 的培养基中生长，当添加 20 g/L NaCl 时，OTA 产量从 77 ppb 增加到 316 ppb。和中的盐含量分别为 40 g/L 和 60 g/L 时，OTA 产量受到抑制。当葡萄糖含量增加到 250 g/L 时，和中的菌丝生长和产孢能力显著增加。在高糖葡萄产品中更适合生长。在 中添加 100 g/L 葡萄糖可显著促进 OTA 产生。当葡萄糖含量分别为 150 g/L 和 200 g/L 时，和中的 OTA 产量受到抑制。NaCl 和葡萄糖对真菌生长和 OTA 产生以及 OtaA 生物合成基因的激活有影响。这些结果将有助于设计新策略来防止 OTA 在富含糖或 NaCl 的食品中积累，实现生产无 OTA 的谷物、干制葡萄和干制火腿的目标。
