Yokokawa Ayaka, Dong Wenjing, Momose Kunikazu, Iima Hiroko, Yoshino Tomoo, Izumi Kenichi, Kawai Yusuke, Amano Tomoko, Nakamura Tatsuro, Sawada Akira, Endoh Daiji, Nakajima Nobuyoshi, Teraoka Hiroki
School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Japan.
NPO Red-Crowned Crane Conservancy, 9-21 Wakatake-Cho, Kushiro 085-0036, Japan.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Oct 10;13(20):3167. doi: 10.3390/ani13203167.
Total DNA extracts from the intestinal contents of 60 flying red-crowned cranes (juveniles, subadults and adults) found dead in 2006-2021, and the feces of 25 chicks collected in June and July of 2016-2018, were used for PCR reactions with primers specific for 16 crops, followed by high-throughput sequencing. The most predominant crop detected was corn in adult and subadult cranes (61.7%). Other grains (barley, wheat, soybean) (5.0-8.3%) and vegetables (tomatoes, Chinese cabbage, etc.) (1.7-6.7%) were also detected in flying cranes. Surprisingly, some of the detected crops were not grown in the Kushiro and Nemuro regions. There was no significant difference in crop intake status in winter and that in other seasons for most of the crops. Corn (28.0%), soybeans (8.0%), wheat and beet (4.0%) were detected in crane chicks in summer, though the detection rates were generally lower than those in flying cranes. Alfalfa, which is not grown in eastern Hokkaido but is used in some cattle feed, was detected in some cranes. Rice, buckwheat, adzuki beans, common beans, potatoes and carrots were not detected at any life stage, indicating the preferences of red-crowned cranes. The results suggest that red-crowned cranes in Hokkaido are dependent on dairy farmers for their feed supply.
从2006年至2021年间发现死亡的60只丹顶鹤（幼鸟、亚成鸟和成鸟）的肠道内容物以及2016年至2018年6月和7月收集的25只雏鸟的粪便中提取的总DNA，用于与针对16种作物的特异性引物进行PCR反应，随后进行高通量测序。在成年和亚成年丹顶鹤中检测到的最主要作物是玉米（61.7%）。在丹顶鹤中还检测到其他谷物（大麦、小麦、大豆）（5.0 - 8.3%）和蔬菜（西红柿、大白菜等）（1.7 - 6.7%）。令人惊讶的是，一些检测到的作物并非在钏路和根室地区种植。大多数作物在冬季和其他季节的作物摄入状况没有显著差异。夏季在雏鹤中检测到玉米（28.0%）、大豆（8.0%）、小麦和甜菜（4.0%），不过检测率总体低于成年丹顶鹤。在一些丹顶鹤中检测到了紫花苜蓿，它在北海道东部不种植，但用于一些牛饲料中。在任何生命阶段都未检测到水稻、荞麦、小豆、菜豆、土豆和胡萝卜，这表明了丹顶鹤的偏好。结果表明，北海道的丹顶鹤在饲料供应方面依赖奶农。
