Blackburn Harvey D, Azevedo Hymerson Costa, Purdy Phillip H
USDA ARS National Animal Germplasm Program, 1111 S. Mason St., Fort Collins, CO 80521-4500, USA.
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Aracaju 49025-040, SE, Brazil.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Oct 11;13(20):3169. doi: 10.3390/ani13203169.
National animal gene banks that are responsible for conserving livestock, poultry, and aquatic genetic resources need to be capable of utilizing a broad array of cryotechnologies coupled with assisted reproductive technologies to reconstitute either specific animals or populations/breeds as needed. This capability is predicated upon having sufficient genetic diversity (usually encapsulated by number of animals in the collection), units of germplasm or tissues, and the ability to reconstitute animals. While the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO 2012, 2023) developed a set of guidelines for gene banks on these matters, those guidelines do not consider applications and utilization of newer technologies (e.g., primordial germ cells, cloning from somatic cells, embryo transfer, IVF, sex-sorted semen), which can radically change how gene banks collect, store, and utilize genetic resources. This paper reviews the current status of using newer technologies, explores how gene banks might make such technologies part of their routine operations, and illustrates how combining newer assisted reproductive technologies with older approaches enables populations to be reconstituted more efficiently.
负责保存家畜、家禽和水生遗传资源的国家动物基因库需要有能力运用一系列广泛的冷冻技术，并结合辅助生殖技术，以便根据需要重构特定动物或种群/品种。这种能力取决于拥有足够的遗传多样性（通常由保藏动物的数量体现）、种质或组织单位，以及重构动物的能力。虽然联合国粮食及农业组织（粮农组织，2012年、2023年）就这些事项为基因库制定了一套准则，但这些准则并未考虑更新技术（如原始生殖细胞、体细胞克隆、胚胎移植、体外受精、性别分选精液）的应用和利用，而这些技术会从根本上改变基因库收集、储存和利用遗传资源的方式。本文回顾了使用更新技术的现状，探讨了基因库如何将这些技术纳入其日常操作，并举例说明了将更新的辅助生殖技术与传统方法相结合如何能够更高效地重构种群。
