Martinelli Serena, Nannini Giulia, Cianchi Fabio, Staderini Fabio, Coratti Francesco, Amedei Amedeo
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.
SOD of Interdisciplinary Internal Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi (AOUC), 50139 Florence, Italy.
Microorganisms. 2023 Sep 27;11(10):2407. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11102407.
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a procedure that involves transferring fecal bacteria from a healthy donor to a patients' intestines to restore gut-immunity homeostasis. While FMT was primarily supposed to treat gastrointestinal disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome-and especially Clostridium difficile infection (currently the only used as clinical treatment)-recent research has suggested that it may also become a potential treatment for gynecological disorders, including endometriosis and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). On the contrary, vaginal microbiota transplantation (VMT) is a newer and less commonly used procedure than the FMT approach, and its potential applications are still being explored. It involves direct grafting of the entire vaginal microbiota of healthy women into the vaginal tract of patients to easily rebuild the local microbiota environment, restoring vaginal eubiosis and relieving symptoms. Like FMT, VMT is thought to have potential in treating different microbiota-related conditions. In fact, many gynecological disorders, such as bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis, are thought to be caused by an imbalance in the vaginal microbiota. In this review, we will summarize the development, current challenges, and future perspectives of microbiota transplant, with the aim of exploring new strategies for its employment as a promising avenue for treating a broad range of gynecological diseases.
粪便微生物群移植（FMT）是一种将健康供体的粪便细菌转移到患者肠道以恢复肠道免疫稳态的程序。虽然FMT最初主要用于治疗胃肠道疾病，如炎症性肠病和肠易激综合征，尤其是艰难梭菌感染（目前唯一用于临床治疗），但最近的研究表明，它也可能成为治疗妇科疾病的潜在方法，包括子宫内膜异位症和多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）。相反，阴道微生物群移植（VMT）是一种比FMT更新且使用较少的程序，其潜在应用仍在探索中。它涉及将健康女性的整个阴道微生物群直接移植到患者的阴道内，以轻松重建局部微生物群环境，恢复阴道微生态平衡并缓解症状。与FMT一样，VMT被认为在治疗不同的微生物群相关疾病方面具有潜力。事实上，许多妇科疾病，如细菌性阴道病和外阴阴道念珠菌病，被认为是由阴道微生物群失衡引起的。在这篇综述中，我们将总结微生物群移植的发展、当前挑战和未来前景，旨在探索将其作为治疗广泛妇科疾病的有前景途径的新策略。
