Czarnecka-Chrebelska Karolina H, Kordiak Jacek, Brzeziańska-Lasota Ewa, Pastuszak-Lewandoska Dorota
Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland.
Department of Thoracic, General and Oncological Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
Cancers (Basel). 2023 Oct 11;15(20):4935. doi: 10.3390/cancers15204935.
The importance of microbiota in developing and treating diseases, including lung cancer (LC), is becoming increasingly recognized. Studies have shown differences in microorganism populations in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of patients with lung cancer compared to healthy individuals, indicating a link between dysbiosis and lung cancer. However, it is not only important to identify "which bacteria are present" but also to understand "how" they affect lung carcinogenesis. The interactions between the host and lung microbiota are complex, and our knowledge of this relationship is limited. This review presents research findings on the bacterial lung microbiota and discusses the mechanisms by which lung-dwelling microorganisms may directly or indirectly contribute to the development of lung cancer. These mechanisms include influences on the host immune system regulation and the local immune microenvironment, the regulation of oncogenic signaling pathways in epithelial cells (causing cell cycle disorders, mutagenesis, and DNA damage), and lastly, the MAMPs-mediated path involving the effects of bacteriocins, TLRs signaling induction, and TNF release. A better understanding of lung microbiota's role in lung tumor pathology could lead to identifying new diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers and developing personalized therapeutic management for lung cancer patients.
微生物群在包括肺癌（LC）在内的疾病发生和治疗中的重要性日益得到认可。研究表明，与健康个体相比，肺癌患者上、下呼吸道的微生物种群存在差异，这表明生态失调与肺癌之间存在联系。然而，不仅要确定“存在哪些细菌”，还要了解它们“如何”影响肺癌的发生。宿主与肺部微生物群之间的相互作用很复杂，我们对这种关系的了解有限。这篇综述介绍了关于肺部细菌微生物群的研究结果，并讨论了肺部微生物可能直接或间接促进肺癌发展的机制。这些机制包括对宿主免疫系统调节和局部免疫微环境的影响、上皮细胞中致癌信号通路的调节（导致细胞周期紊乱、诱变和DNA损伤），以及最后涉及细菌素作用、TLR信号诱导和TNF释放的MAMPs介导途径。更好地了解肺部微生物群在肺肿瘤病理学中的作用可能会导致识别新的诊断和治疗生物标志物，并为肺癌患者制定个性化的治疗方案。
