State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China.
Molecules. 2023 Oct 20;28(20):7198. doi: 10.3390/molecules28207198.
DEAD-box decapping enzyme 20 (DDX20) is a putative RNA-decapping enzyme that can be identified by the conserved motif Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp (DEAD). Cellular processes involve numerous RNA secondary structure alterations, including translation initiation, nuclear and mitochondrial splicing, and assembly of ribosomes and spliceosomes. DDX20 reportedly plays an important role in cellular transcription and post-transcriptional modifications. On the one hand, DDX20 can interact with various transcription factors and repress the transcriptional process. On the other hand, DDX20 forms the survival motor neuron complex and participates in the assembly of snRNP, ultimately affecting the RNA splicing process. Finally, DDX20 can potentially rely on its RNA-unwinding enzyme function to participate in microRNA (miRNA) maturation and act as a component of the RNA-induced silencing complex. In addition, although DDX20 is not a key component in the innate immune system signaling pathway, it can affect the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and p53 signaling pathways. In particular, DDX20 plays different roles in tumorigenesis development through the NF-κB signaling pathway. This process is regulated by various factors such as miRNA. DDX20 can influence processes such as viral replication in cells by interacting with two proteins in Epstein-Barr virus and can regulate the replication process of several viruses through the innate immune system, indicating that DDX20 plays an important role in the innate immune system. Herein, we review the effects of DDX20 on the innate immune system and its role in transcriptional and post-transcriptional modification processes, based on which we provide an outlook on the future of DDX20 research in innate immunity and viral infections.
DEAD -box 脱帽酶 20（DDX20）是一种假定的 RNA 脱帽酶，可通过保守基序 Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp（DEAD）识别。细胞过程涉及许多 RNA 二级结构改变，包括翻译起始、核和线粒体剪接以及核糖体和剪接体的组装。据报道，DDX20 在细胞转录和转录后修饰中发挥重要作用。一方面，DDX20 可以与各种转录因子相互作用并抑制转录过程。另一方面，DDX20 形成运动神经元存活复合物并参与 snRNP 的组装，最终影响 RNA 剪接过程。最后，DDX20 可以依赖其 RNA 解旋酶功能参与 microRNA（miRNA）成熟并作为 RNA 诱导沉默复合物的组成部分。此外，尽管 DDX20 不是先天免疫系统信号通路的关键组成部分，但它可以影响核因子 kappa B（NF-κB）和 p53 信号通路。特别是，DDX20 通过 NF-κB 信号通路在肿瘤发生发展中发挥不同的作用。该过程受 miRNA 等各种因素的调节。DDX20 可以通过与 Epstein-Barr 病毒中的两种蛋白相互作用影响细胞中的病毒复制过程，并通过先天免疫系统调节几种病毒的复制过程，表明 DDX20 在先天免疫系统中发挥重要作用。在此，我们根据 DDX20 对先天免疫系统的影响及其在转录和转录后修饰过程中的作用，对 DDX20 在先天免疫和病毒感染研究中的未来进行展望。
