Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Oct 17;24(20):15256. doi: 10.3390/ijms242015256.
Dysbiosis, generally defined as the disruption to gut microbiota composition or function, is observed in most diseases, including allergies, cancer, metabolic diseases, neurological disorders and diseases associated with autoimmunity. Dysbiosis is commonly associated with reduced levels of beneficial gut microbiota-derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and indoles. Supplementation with these beneficial metabolites, or interventions to increase their microbial production, has been shown to ameliorate a variety of inflammatory diseases. Conversely, the production of gut 'dysbiotic' metabolites or by-products by the gut microbiota may contribute to disease development. This review summarizes the various 'dysbiotic' gut-derived products observed in cardiovascular diseases, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic diseases including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis. The increased production of dysbiotic gut microbial products, including trimethylamine, hydrogen sulphide, products of amino acid metabolism such as p-Cresyl sulphate and phenylacetic acid, and secondary bile acids such as deoxycholic acid, is commonly observed across multiple diseases. The simultaneous increased production of dysbiotic metabolites with the impaired production of beneficial metabolites, commonly associated with a modern lifestyle, may partially explain the high prevalence of inflammatory diseases in western countries.
肠道菌群失调通常被定义为肠道微生物群落组成或功能的紊乱，在大多数疾病中都有观察到，包括过敏、癌症、代谢疾病、神经紊乱和自身免疫性疾病。肠道菌群失调通常与有益的肠道微生物衍生代谢物水平降低有关，如短链脂肪酸 (SCFA) 和吲哚。补充这些有益的代谢物，或干预措施以增加其微生物产生，已被证明可以改善各种炎症性疾病。相反，肠道微生物群产生的肠道“失调”代谢物或副产物可能有助于疾病的发展。这篇综述总结了在心血管疾病、癌症、炎症性肠病、代谢疾病（包括非酒精性脂肪性肝炎）和自身免疫性疾病（如多发性硬化症）中观察到的各种“失调”肠道来源的产物。失调的肠道微生物产物的产量增加，包括三甲胺、硫化氢、氨基酸代谢产物如对甲酚硫酸盐和苯乙酸，以及次级胆汁酸如脱氧胆酸，在多种疾病中都有观察到。与现代生活方式相关的有益代谢物产生受损的同时，失调代谢物的同时产生，可能部分解释了西方国家炎症性疾病的高发率。
