Physiology Laboratory, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Oct 18;24(20):15332. doi: 10.3390/ijms242015332.
Breast cancer (BC), one of the most widespread and devastating diseases affecting women worldwide, presents a significant public health challenge. This review explores the emerging frontiers of research focused on deciphering the intricate interplay between BC cells and the immune microenvironment. Understanding the role of the immune system in BC is critical as it holds promise for novel therapeutic approaches and precision medicine strategies. This review delves into the current literature regarding the immune microenvironment's contribution to BC initiation, progression, and metastasis. It examines the complex mechanisms by which BC cells interact with various immune cell populations, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Furthermore, this review highlights the impact of immune-related factors, such as cytokines and immune checkpoint molecules. Additionally, this comprehensive analysis sheds light on the potential biomarkers associated with the immune response in BC, enabling early diagnosis and prognostic assessment. The therapeutic implications of targeting the immune microenvironment are also explored, encompassing immunotherapeutic strategies and combination therapies to enhance treatment efficacy. The significance of this review lies in its potential to pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions, providing clinicians and researchers with essential knowledge to design targeted and personalized treatment regimens for BC patients.
乳腺癌（BC）是全球范围内最广泛和最具破坏性的女性疾病之一，是一个重大的公共健康挑战。本综述探讨了研究的新兴前沿领域，重点是破译 BC 细胞与免疫微环境之间复杂的相互作用。了解免疫系统在 BC 中的作用至关重要，因为它为新的治疗方法和精准医学策略提供了希望。本综述深入探讨了关于免疫微环境对 BC 发生、进展和转移的贡献的现有文献。它检查了 BC 细胞与各种免疫细胞群（包括肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞（TILs）和肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAMs））相互作用的复杂机制。此外，本综述强调了免疫相关因素（如细胞因子和免疫检查点分子）的影响。此外，这项全面的分析揭示了与 BC 中免疫反应相关的潜在生物标志物，从而能够进行早期诊断和预后评估。还探讨了针对免疫微环境的治疗意义，包括免疫治疗策略和联合治疗，以提高治疗效果。本综述的意义在于它有可能为新的治疗干预措施铺平道路，为临床医生和研究人员提供设计针对 BC 患者的靶向和个性化治疗方案的必要知识。
