Foerster Ian, Seames Wayne, Oleksik Jasmine, Kubatova Alena, Ross Andrew
Chemical Engineering Department, University of North Dakota, 243 Centennial Drive Stop 7101, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
Energy & Environmental Research Center, University of North Dakota, 15 N. 23rd St., Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
Life (Basel). 2023 Sep 30;13(10):1997. doi: 10.3390/life13101997.
Microalgae represent a promising source of triglycerides and free fatty acids, synthesized in the form of lipids, for use in renewable fuels and chemicals. One challenge is the ability to efficiently recover the lipids from within the microalgae cell. Although various techniques have been studied individually, a comprehensive study of extraction techniques using consistent experimental and analytical methodology is missing. This study aims to provide this unifying comparison using the common microalgae strain . The factors that were surveyed and then optimized to achieve maximum extraction efficiency included the solvent type; mechanical pre-treatment using a ball mill at a variety of grinding speeds; microalgae-to-solvent ratio; extraction facilitated by microwave; extraction facilitated by sonication; extraction facilitated using increased temperature; and extraction facilitated by in situ transesterification to convert the lipids into esters prior to extraction. The optimum conditions determined during these studies were utilizing methanol as the solvent, with ball mill pretreatment at a grinding speed of 500 rpm, and a 1:9 microalgae to solvent ratio. When used in combination with microwave-assisted extraction at a temperature of 140 °C, approximately 24 wt% of the initial lipids were recovered. Recoveries of over 70 wt% were obtained without a microwave at extraction temperatures of over 200 °C.
微藻是甘油三酯和游离脂肪酸的一个有前景的来源，这些物质以脂质形式合成，可用于可再生燃料和化学品。一个挑战是从微藻细胞内有效回收脂质的能力。尽管已经对各种技术进行了单独研究，但缺少使用一致的实验和分析方法对提取技术进行的全面研究。本研究旨在使用常见的微藻菌株进行这种统一比较。所调查并随后优化以实现最大提取效率的因素包括溶剂类型；使用球磨机在各种研磨速度下进行机械预处理；微藻与溶剂的比例；微波辅助提取；超声辅助提取；升温辅助提取；以及在提取前通过原位酯交换将脂质转化为酯的辅助提取。在这些研究中确定的最佳条件是使用甲醇作为溶剂，以500转/分钟的研磨速度进行球磨预处理，微藻与溶剂的比例为1:9。当与在140°C温度下的微波辅助提取结合使用时，可回收约24重量%的初始脂质。在超过200°C的提取温度下，不使用微波可获得超过70重量%的回收率。
