Liu Dequan, Che Xiangyu, Wang Xiaoxi, Ma Chuanyu, Wu Guangzhen
Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023 Sep 29;16(10):1384. doi: 10.3390/ph16101384.
This comprehensive review delves into the rapidly evolving arena of cancer vaccines. Initially, we examine the intricate constitution of the tumor microenvironment (TME), a dynamic factor that significantly influences tumor heterogeneity. Current research trends focusing on harnessing the TME for effective tumor vaccine treatments are also discussed. We then provide a detailed overview of the current state of research concerning tumor immunity and the mechanisms of tumor vaccines, describing the complex immunological processes involved. Furthermore, we conduct an exhaustive analysis of the contemporary research landscape of tumor vaccines, with a particular focus on peptide vaccines, DNA/RNA-based vaccines, viral-vector-based vaccines, dendritic-cell-based vaccines, and whole-cell-based vaccines. We analyze and summarize these categories of tumor vaccines, highlighting their individual advantages, limitations, and the factors influencing their effectiveness. In our survey of each category, we summarize commonly used tumor vaccines, aiming to provide readers with a more comprehensive understanding of the current state of tumor vaccine research. We then delve into an innovative strategy combining cancer vaccines with other therapies. By studying the effects of combining tumor vaccines with immune checkpoint inhibitors, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and oncolytic virotherapy, we establish that this approach can enhance overall treatment efficacy and offset the limitations of single-treatment approaches, offering patients more effective treatment options. Following this, we undertake a meticulous analysis of the entire process of personalized cancer vaccines, elucidating the intricate process from design, through research and production, to clinical application, thus helping readers gain a thorough understanding of its complexities. In conclusion, our exploration of tumor vaccines in this review aims to highlight their promising potential in cancer treatment. As research in this field continues to evolve, it undeniably holds immense promise for improving cancer patient outcomes.
本综述深入探讨了癌症疫苗这一快速发展的领域。首先，我们研究肿瘤微环境（TME）的复杂构成，这是一个显著影响肿瘤异质性的动态因素。还讨论了当前聚焦于利用肿瘤微环境进行有效肿瘤疫苗治疗的研究趋势。然后，我们详细概述了当前关于肿瘤免疫和肿瘤疫苗机制的研究现状，描述了其中涉及的复杂免疫过程。此外，我们对肿瘤疫苗的当代研究格局进行了详尽分析，特别关注肽疫苗、基于DNA/RNA的疫苗、基于病毒载体的疫苗、基于树突状细胞的疫苗和基于全细胞的疫苗。我们分析并总结了这些类别肿瘤疫苗，突出它们各自的优势、局限性以及影响其有效性的因素。在对每一类别的调研中，我们总结了常用的肿瘤疫苗，旨在让读者更全面地了解肿瘤疫苗研究的现状。接着，我们深入探讨将癌症疫苗与其他疗法相结合的创新策略。通过研究将肿瘤疫苗与免疫检查点抑制剂、放疗、化疗、靶向治疗和溶瘤病毒疗法相结合的效果，我们确定这种方法可以提高整体治疗效果并弥补单一治疗方法的局限性，为患者提供更有效的治疗选择。在此之后，我们对个性化癌症疫苗的全过程进行了细致分析，阐明从设计到研发生产再到临床应用的复杂过程，从而帮助读者全面了解其复杂性。总之，我们在本综述中对肿瘤疫苗的探索旨在突出它们在癌症治疗中充满希望的潜力。随着该领域研究的不断发展，它无疑对改善癌症患者的治疗结果有着巨大的前景。
