Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
Clin Exp Med. 2023 Oct;23(6):1917-1931. doi: 10.1007/s10238-023-01020-5. Epub 2023 Feb 14.
RNA modification is manifested as chemically altered nucleotides, widely exists in diverse natural RNAs, and is closely related to RNA structure and function. Currently, mRNA-based vaccines have received great attention and rapid development as novel and mighty fighters against various diseases including cancer. The achievement of RNA vaccines in clinical application is largely attributed to some methodological innovations including the incorporation of modified nucleotides into the synthetic RNA. The selection of optimal RNA modifications aimed at reducing the instability and immunogenicity of RNA molecules is a very critical task to improve the efficacy and safety of mRNA vaccines. This review summarizes the functions of RNA modifications and their application in mRNA vaccines, highlights recent advances of mRNA vaccines in cancer immunotherapy, and provides perspectives for future development of mRNA vaccines in the context of personalized tumor therapy.
RNA 修饰表现为化学修饰的核苷酸，广泛存在于各种天然 RNA 中，与 RNA 结构和功能密切相关。目前，基于 mRNA 的疫苗作为对抗包括癌症在内的各种疾病的新型强大武器受到了极大的关注和快速发展。RNA 疫苗在临床应用中的成功在很大程度上归因于一些方法学上的创新，包括将修饰核苷酸引入合成 RNA 中。选择最佳的 RNA 修饰旨在降低 RNA 分子的不稳定性和免疫原性，这是提高 mRNA 疫苗疗效和安全性的一项非常关键的任务。本文综述了 RNA 修饰的功能及其在 mRNA 疫苗中的应用，重点介绍了 mRNA 疫苗在癌症免疫治疗方面的最新进展，并从个性化肿瘤治疗的角度为 mRNA 疫苗的未来发展提供了展望。
