Hay William T, Anderson James A, Garvin David F, McCormick Susan P, Busman Mark, Vaughan Martha M
USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, 1815 N, University Street, Peoria, IL 61604, USA.
Department of Agronomy & Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Oct 11;12(20):3527. doi: 10.3390/plants12203527.
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a destructive fungal disease of wheat that causes significant economic loss due to lower yields and the contamination of grain with fungal toxins (mycotoxins), particularly deoxynivalenol (DON). FHB disease spread and mycotoxin contamination has been shown to worsen at elevated CO, therefore, it is important to identify climate-resilient FHB resistance. This work evaluates whether wheat with the quantitative trait locus (QTL), the most widely deployed FHB resistance locus in wheat breeding programs, provides reliable disease resistance at elevated CO. Near-isogenic wheat lines (NILs) derived from either a highly FHB susceptible or a more FHB resistant genetic background, with or without the QTL, were grown in growth chambers at ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (1000 ppm) CO conditions. Wheat was inoculated with and evaluated for FHB severity. At elevated CO, the NILs derived from more FHB-resistant wheat had increased disease spread, greater pathogen biomass and mycotoxin contamination, and lower rates of DON detoxification; this was not observed in wheat from a FHB susceptible genetic background. The QTL was not associated with increased disease severity in wheat grown at elevated CO and provided reliable disease resistance.
小麦赤霉病（FHB）是一种具有破坏性的小麦真菌病害，由于产量降低以及谷物被真菌毒素（霉菌毒素）污染，特别是脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON），会导致重大经济损失。研究表明，在二氧化碳浓度升高时，小麦赤霉病的传播和霉菌毒素污染会加剧，因此，确定具有气候适应性的小麦赤霉病抗性很重要。这项研究评估了具有数量性状位点（QTL）的小麦，该位点是小麦育种计划中应用最广泛的小麦赤霉病抗性位点，在二氧化碳浓度升高时是否能提供可靠的抗病性。从高度感小麦赤霉病或更抗小麦赤霉病的遗传背景中衍生出的近等基因小麦系（NILs），带有或不带有QTL，在生长室中于环境二氧化碳浓度（400 ppm）和升高的二氧化碳浓度（1000 ppm）条件下种植。用接种小麦并评估小麦赤霉病严重程度。在二氧化碳浓度升高时，源自更抗小麦赤霉病小麦的NILs病害传播增加、病原体生物量和霉菌毒素污染更大，以及DON解毒率更低；而在感小麦赤霉病遗传背景的小麦中未观察到这种情况。QTL与在二氧化碳浓度升高条件下种植的小麦病害严重程度增加无关，并提供了可靠的抗病性。
