Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Virus and Genetic Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
Institute of Pathogenic Microorganism, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
Viruses. 2023 Sep 26;15(10):2003. doi: 10.3390/v15102003.
Emerging and re-emerging swine coronaviruses (CoVs), including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), and swine acute diarrhea syndrome-CoV (SADS-CoV), cause severe diarrhea in neonatal piglets, and CoV infection is associated with significant economic losses for the swine industry worldwide. Reverse genetics systems realize the manipulation of RNA virus genome and facilitate the development of new vaccines. Thus far, five reverse genetics approaches have been successfully applied to engineer the swine CoV genome: targeted RNA recombination, in vitro ligation, bacterial artificial chromosome-based ligation, vaccinia virus -based recombination, and yeast-based method. This review summarizes the advantages and limitations of these approaches; it also discusses the latest research progress in terms of their use for virus-related pathogenesis elucidation, vaccine candidate development, antiviral drug screening, and virus replication mechanism determination.
新兴和重现的猪冠状病毒（CoVs），包括猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）、猪德尔塔冠状病毒（PDCoV）和猪急性腹泻综合征冠状病毒（SADS-CoV），可引起仔猪严重腹泻，冠状病毒感染与全球养猪业的重大经济损失有关。反向遗传学系统实现了 RNA 病毒基因组的操作，并促进了新疫苗的开发。迄今为止，已经成功应用了五种反向遗传学方法来工程化猪 CoV 基因组：靶向 RNA 重组、体外连接、基于细菌人工染色体的连接、痘苗病毒重组和基于酵母的方法。本文综述了这些方法的优缺点；还讨论了它们在病毒相关发病机制阐明、疫苗候选物开发、抗病毒药物筛选和病毒复制机制确定方面的最新研究进展。
