Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Republic of Singapore.
Adv Healthc Mater. 2024 Jan;13(3):e2302173. doi: 10.1002/adhm.202302173. Epub 2023 Nov 12.
In situ analysis of sweat biomarkers potentially provides noninvasive lifestyle monitoring and early diagnosis. Quantitative detection of sweat rate is crucial for thermoregulation and preventing heat injuries. Here, a skin-attachable paper fluidic patch is reported for in situ colorimetric sensing of multiple sweat markers (pH, glucose, lactate, and uric acid) with concurrent sweat rate tracking. Two sets of fluidic patterns-multiplexed detection zones and a longitudinal sweat rate channel-are directly printed by an automated ink dispenser from a specially developed ceramic-based ink. The ceramic ink thermal-cures into an impervious barrier, confining sweat within the channels. The ceramic-ink-printed boundary achieves higher pattern resolution, prevents fluid leakage, attains pattern thermal stability, and resistant to organic solvents. The cellulose matrix of the detection zones is modified with nanoparticles to improve the color homogeneity and sweat sensor sensitivity. The sweat rate channel is made moisture sensitive by incorporating a metal-salt-based dye. The change in saturation/color of the detection zones and/or channels upon sweat addition can be visually detected or quantified by a smartphone camera. A cost-effective way is provided to fabricate paper fluidic sensor patches, successfully demonstrating on-body multiplexed evaluation of sweat analytes. Such skin wearables offer on-site analysis, meaningful to an increasingly health-conscious population.
原位分析汗液生物标志物可能提供非侵入性的生活方式监测和早期诊断。定量检测出汗率对于体温调节和预防热损伤至关重要。在这里，报道了一种可贴附于皮肤的纸基流体贴片，可用于原位比色感测多种汗液标志物（pH 值、葡萄糖、乳酸和尿酸），同时跟踪出汗率。两组流体图案 - 多路复用检测区和纵向出汗率通道 - 直接由自动化油墨分配器从专门开发的基于陶瓷的油墨中打印。陶瓷油墨热固化成不可渗透的屏障，将汗液限制在通道内。陶瓷油墨印刷的边界实现了更高的图案分辨率、防止流体泄漏、实现图案热稳定性，并能耐受有机溶剂。检测区的纤维素基质用纳米粒子进行修饰，以提高颜色均匀性和汗液传感器的灵敏度。通过掺入基于金属盐的染料，使出汗率通道对水分敏感。通过添加汗液，检测区和/或通道的饱和度/颜色变化可以通过智能手机摄像头进行视觉检测或定量检测。提供了一种经济有效的制造纸基流体传感器贴片的方法，成功地演示了在体多路复用评估汗液分析物。这种皮肤可穿戴设备提供了现场分析，对越来越注重健康的人群具有重要意义。
