Yassa R, Lal S, Korpassy A, Ally J
Biol Psychiatry. 1987 Jan;22(1):67-72. doi: 10.1016/0006-3223(87)90131-4.
The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia (TD) in chronic psychiatric outpatients was significantly higher in smokers (46/85) than in nonsmokers (18/69) (p less than 0.001). This increased prevalence was associated with a significantly greater prescribed dose of neuroleptics in women, but not in men. Nicotine increases the synthesis and release of dopamine in the nigrostriatal pathway of animals. Such a mechanism may contribute to the higher prevalence of TD in smokers. The present findings suggest that smoking is a risk factor for the development of TD. A statistically significant association between smoking and TD, however, does not necessarily imply a cause-effect relationship. Treatment of TD with mecamylamine or other central nicotine antagonists merits investigation.
慢性精神科门诊患者中，迟发性运动障碍（TD）的患病率在吸烟者（46/85）中显著高于非吸烟者（18/69）（p<0.001）。这种患病率的增加在女性中与显著更高剂量的抗精神病药物处方有关，但在男性中并非如此。尼古丁可增加动物黑质纹状体通路中多巴胺的合成和释放。这种机制可能导致吸烟者中TD的患病率更高。目前的研究结果表明，吸烟是TD发生的一个危险因素。然而，吸烟与TD之间具有统计学意义的关联并不一定意味着存在因果关系。用美加明或其他中枢性尼古丁拮抗剂治疗TD值得研究。
