Hailu Kaleab, Joy Edward J M, Ferguson Elaine L, Bailey Elizabeth H, Wilson Lolita, Davis Kenneth, Broadley Martin R, Gashu Dawd
Center for Food Science and Nutrition, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Department of Food Science and Applied Nutrition, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Front Nutr. 2023 Oct 16;10:1250002. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1250002. eCollection 2023.
There is spatial variability of selenium (Se) in soil and crops in Ethiopia. We assessed the Se content of food items, breast milk, and urine among infants in Ethiopia from two areas with contrasting Se concentrations in soils.
Dietary Se intakes among children (6-23 months) were evaluated using a weighed food record on two non-consecutive days. Also, spot urine samples from children and breast milk samples from their mothers were collected to determine Se concentration. Selenium concentrations in the samples were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS).
Injera (prepared from teff and mixtures of other cereals) with a legume-based stew were the most frequently consumed foods by the children in both areas, followed by pasta. Overall, the Se concentration (mean ± SD) of food items, breast milk (12.2 ± 3.9 μg/L vs. 3.39 ± 1.5 μg/L), and urine samples (22.5 ± 11.5 μg/L vs. 3.0 ± 1.9 μg/L) from East Amhara were significantly higher than the corresponding samples from West Amhara ( < 0.001). The total Se intakes by the study children from East Amhara and West Amhara were 30.2 [IQ , 14.2; IQ , 54.1] and 7.4 [IQR , 4.2; IQ , 10.6] μg day, respectively; 31.5% of children from East Amhara and 92% of children from West Amhara were at risk of inadequate Se intakes. Urinary Se excretion accounted for 53 and 39% of daily dietary Se intake in East Amhara and West Amhara, respectively. Dietary Se intake was positively correlated with urinary Se excretion in East Amhara ( = 0.56; < 0.001) but not among samples from West Amhara ( = 0.16; ≥ 0.05), suggesting greater physiological Se conservation in a state of deficiency.
There is spatial variability of Se in foods, breast milk, and urine in Ethiopia, suggesting the need for implementation of targeted agronomic interventions that enhance Se concentrations in the edible portion of plant foods.
埃塞俄比亚土壤和农作物中的硒（Se）存在空间变异性。我们评估了埃塞俄比亚两个土壤硒浓度不同地区婴儿的食品、母乳和尿液中的硒含量。
使用连续两天的称重食物记录评估儿童（6 - 23个月）的膳食硒摄入量。此外，收集儿童的即时尿样和其母亲的母乳样本来测定硒浓度。使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP - MS）分析样本中的硒浓度。
在两个地区，儿童最常食用的食物是搭配豆类炖菜的英吉拉（由画眉草和其他谷物混合制成），其次是意大利面。总体而言，东阿姆哈拉地区的食品、母乳（12.2±3.9μg/L对3.39±1.5μg/L）和尿样（22.5±11.5μg/L对3.0±1.9μg/L）中的硒浓度显著高于西阿姆哈拉地区相应的样本（<0.001）。东阿姆哈拉和西阿姆哈拉地区研究儿童的总硒摄入量分别为30.2[四分位间距（IQR），14.2；IQR，54.1]和7.4[IQR，4.2；IQR，10.6]μg/天；东阿姆哈拉地区31.5%的儿童和西阿姆哈拉地区92%的儿童有硒摄入不足的风险。在东阿姆哈拉和西阿姆哈拉地区，尿硒排泄分别占每日膳食硒摄入量的53%和39%。东阿姆哈拉地区膳食硒摄入量与尿硒排泄呈正相关（r = 0.56；P<0.001），但在西阿姆哈拉地区的样本中未发现相关性（r = 0.16；P≥0.05），这表明在缺乏状态下生理上对硒的保留更多。
埃塞俄比亚的食物、母乳和尿液中存在硒的空间变异性，这表明需要实施有针对性的农艺干预措施，以提高植物性食物可食用部分的硒浓度。
