School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2024;25(12):1538-1551. doi: 10.2174/0113892010273783231027073117.
Osteoporosis, one of the most prevalent bone illnesses, majorly affects postmenopausal women and men over 50 years of age. Osteoporosis is associated with an increased susceptibility to fragility fractures and can result in persistent pain and significant impairment in affected individuals. The primary method for diagnosing osteoporosis involves the assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) through the utilisation of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The integration of a fracture risk assessment algorithm with bone mineral density (BMD) has led to significant progress in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Given that osteoporosis is a chronic condition and multiple factors play an important role in maintaining bone mass, comprehending its underlying mechanism is crucial for developing more effective pharmaceutical interventions for the disease. The effective management of osteoporosis involves the utilisation of appropriate pharmacological agents in conjunction with suitable dietary interventions and lifestyle modifications. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the types of osteoporosis and elucidates the currently available pharmacological treatment options and their related mechanism of action and usage.
骨质疏松症是最常见的骨骼疾病之一，主要影响绝经后妇女和 50 岁以上的男性。骨质疏松症与脆性骨折的易感性增加有关，并可能导致受影响个体持续疼痛和显著功能障碍。诊断骨质疏松症的主要方法是通过使用双能 X 射线吸收法（DEXA）评估骨矿物质密度（BMD）。将骨折风险评估算法与骨矿物质密度（BMD）相结合，为骨质疏松症的诊断带来了重大进展。鉴于骨质疏松症是一种慢性疾病，多种因素在维持骨量方面发挥着重要作用，因此了解其潜在机制对于开发针对该疾病的更有效的药物干预措施至关重要。骨质疏松症的有效管理包括使用适当的药物与适当的饮食干预和生活方式改变相结合。本综述全面了解了骨质疏松症的类型，并阐明了目前可用的药物治疗选择及其相关的作用机制和用途。
