School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, India.
J Sep Sci. 2024 Jan;47(1):e2300588. doi: 10.1002/jssc.202300588. Epub 2023 Dec 5.
Metabolomics is the study of metabolites present in a living system. It is a rapidly growing field aimed at discovering novel compounds, studying biological processes, diagnosing diseases, and ensuring the quality of food products. Recently, the analysis of natural samples has become important to explore novel bioactive compounds and to study how environment and genetics affect living systems. Various metabolomics techniques, databases, and data analysis tools are available for natural sample metabolomics. However, choosing the right method can be a daunting exercise because natural samples are heterogeneous and require untargeted approaches. This tutorial review aims to compile the latest technologies to guide an early-career scientist on natural sample metabolomics. First, different extraction methods and their pros and cons are reviewed. Second, currently available metabolomics databases and data analysis tools are summarized. Next, recent research on metabolomics of milk, honey, and microbial samples is reviewed. Finally, after reviewing the latest trends in technologies, a checklist is presented to guide an early-career researcher on how to design a metabolomics project. In conclusion, this review is a comprehensive resource for a researcher planning to conduct their first metabolomics analysis. It is also useful for experienced researchers to update themselves on the latest trends in metabolomics.
代谢组学是研究生物体系中存在的代谢物的科学。它是一个快速发展的领域，旨在发现新的化合物、研究生物过程、诊断疾病和确保食品质量。最近，对天然样本的分析对于探索新的生物活性化合物以及研究环境和遗传因素如何影响生物系统变得至关重要。目前有各种用于天然样本代谢组学的代谢组学技术、数据库和数据分析工具。然而，选择合适的方法可能是一项艰巨的任务，因为天然样本具有异质性，需要采用非靶向方法。本教程综述旨在汇集最新技术，为初出茅庐的科学家提供指导，帮助他们开展天然样本代谢组学研究。首先，综述了不同的提取方法及其优缺点。其次，总结了当前可用的代谢组学数据库和数据分析工具。接着，综述了关于牛奶、蜂蜜和微生物样本代谢组学的最新研究。最后，在回顾了技术的最新趋势之后，提出了一份检查表，指导初出茅庐的研究人员如何设计代谢组学项目。总之，本综述为计划进行首次代谢组学分析的研究人员提供了全面的资源，也为希望了解代谢组学最新趋势的经验丰富的研究人员提供了参考。
