Laboratory of Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, Human Intracranial Cognitive Electrophysiology Program, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty & University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Germany.
Brain Stimul. 2023 Nov-Dec;16(6):1653-1665. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.11.001. Epub 2023 Nov 8.
Functions of the human insula have been explored extensively with neuroimaging methods and intracranial electrical stimulation studies that have highlighted a functional segregation across its subregions. A recently developed cytoarchitectonic map of the human insula has also segregated this brain region into various areas. Our knowledge of the functional organization of this brain region at the level of these fine-parceled microstructural areas remains only partially understood. We address this gap of knowledge by applying a multimodal approach linking direct electrical stimulation and task-evoked intracranial EEG recordings with microstructural subdivisions of the human insular cortex. In 17 neurosurgical patients with 142 implanted electrodes, stimulation of 40 % of the sites induced a reportable change in the conscious experience of the subjects in visceral/autonomic, anxiety, taste/olfactory, pain/temperature as well as somatosensory domains. These subjective responses showed a topographical allocation to microstructural areas defined by probabilistic cytoarchitectonic parcellation maps of the human insula. We found the pain and thermal responses to be located in areas lg2/ld2, while non-painful/non-thermal somatosensory responses corresponded to area ld3 and visceroceptive responses to area Id6. Lastly, the stimulation of area Id7 in the dorsal anterior insula, failed to induce reportable changes to subjective experience even though intracranial EEG recordings from this region captured significant time-locked high-frequency activity (HFA). Our results provide a multimodal map of functional subdivisions within the human insular cortex at the individual brain basis and characterize their anatomical association with fine-grained cytoarchitectonic parcellations of this brain structure.
人类脑岛的功能已经通过神经影像学方法和颅内电刺激研究进行了广泛的探索，这些研究强调了其亚区之间的功能分离。最近还开发了人类脑岛的细胞构筑图，也将这个大脑区域划分为不同的区域。我们对这些精细分割的微观结构区域的脑区功能组织的了解仍然只是部分理解。我们通过应用一种多模态方法来解决这一知识空白，该方法将直接电刺激和任务诱发的颅内 EEG 记录与人类脑岛皮层的微观结构细分联系起来。在 17 名接受 142 个植入电极的神经外科患者中，40%的刺激部位引起了受试者在内脏/自主、焦虑、味觉/嗅觉、疼痛/温度以及躯体感觉领域的有意识体验的可报告变化。这些主观反应表现出与基于人类脑岛概率细胞构筑分区图定义的微观结构区域的拓扑分配。我们发现疼痛和热响应位于 lg2/ld2 区域，而无痛/非热躯体感觉响应对应于 ld3 区域，内脏感觉响应对应于 Id6 区域。最后，在背侧前脑岛的 Id7 区域刺激，尽管该区域的颅内 EEG 记录捕获到显著的时锁高频活动（HFA），但未能引起可报告的主观体验变化。我们的结果提供了人类脑岛皮层在个体大脑基础上的功能细分的多模态图谱，并描述了它们与该脑结构精细细胞构筑分区的解剖学关联。
