Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
PeerJ. 2023 Nov 7;11:e16330. doi: 10.7717/peerj.16330. eCollection 2023.
Durum and bread wheat are well adapted to the Mediterranean Basin. Twenty-three genotypes of each species were grown to evaluate the intra- and inter-genetic diversity based on omega (), gamma () and alpha ()-gliadin profiles. To achieve this purpose, the endosperm storage proteins (both gliadins and glutenins) were extracted from wheat grains and electrophoresed on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels. The results of SDS-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed nine polymorphic loci out of 16 loci with durum wheat genotypes and nine polymorphic loci out of 18 loci with bead wheat genotypes. The polymorphisms revealed by the SDS-PAGE were 56% and 50% in durum and bread wheat genotypes, respectively. Using the cluster analysis, the durum wheat genotypes were clustered into five groups, while the bread wheat genotypes were grouped into six clusters using un-weighed pair group mean analyses based on , , and -gliadins profiles. The 46 durum and bread wheat genotypes were grouped into seven clusters based on the combined , , and -gliadins profiles revealed by the SDS-PAGE. The analysis determined the intra-genetic diversity between bread and durum wheat based on the sequences of , , and -gliadins. The alignment of -gliadin revealed the highest polymorphism (52.1%) between bread and durum wheat, meanwhile, the alignment of and -gliadins revealed very low polymorphism 6.6% and 15.4%, respectively. According to computational studies, all gliadins contain a lot of glutamine and proline residues. The analysis revealed that the bread wheat possessed and -gliadins with a lower content of proline and a higher content of glutamine than durum wheat. In contrast, durum wheat possessed -gliadin with a lower content of proline and a higher content of glutamine than bread wheat. In conclusion, the SDS-PAGE, and computational analyses are effective tools to determine the intra- and inter-genetic diversity in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat genotypes based on , , and -gliadins profiles.
杜伦和普通小麦非常适应地中海盆地。种植了每个物种的 23 个基因型，以评估基于 ω（）、γ（）和 α（）-醇溶蛋白谱的种内和种间多样性。为了实现这一目的，从小麦籽粒中提取了内胚乳贮藏蛋白（醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白），并在十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上进行电泳。SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）的结果显示，杜伦小麦基因型有 9 个多态性位点，普通小麦基因型有 18 个多态性位点。SDS-PAGE 揭示的多态性在杜伦和普通小麦基因型中分别为 56%和 50%。利用聚类分析，根据ω、γ和α-醇溶蛋白谱，将杜伦小麦基因型分为 5 组，而将普通小麦基因型分为 6 个聚类。基于ω、γ和α-醇溶蛋白谱，利用非加权对群平均分析，将 46 个杜伦和普通小麦基因型分为 7 个聚类。根据 SDS-PAGE 揭示的ω、γ和α-醇溶蛋白谱的组合，对 46 个杜伦和普通小麦基因型进行聚类分析。通过对ω、γ和α-醇溶蛋白序列的分析，确定了普通小麦和杜伦小麦的种内多样性。对α-醇溶蛋白的比对显示，普通小麦和杜伦小麦之间的多态性最高（52.1%），而γ和β-醇溶蛋白的比对显示多态性非常低，分别为 6.6%和 15.4%。根据计算研究，所有的醇溶蛋白都含有大量的谷氨酰胺和脯氨酸残基。分析表明，普通小麦含有较多的 和 -醇溶蛋白，脯氨酸含量较低，谷氨酰胺含量较高，而杜伦小麦则含有较少的 -醇溶蛋白，脯氨酸含量较低，谷氨酰胺含量较高。总之，SDS-PAGE、 和计算分析是基于ω、γ和α-醇溶蛋白谱确定四倍体和六倍体小麦基因型种内和种间多样性的有效工具。
