Centro de Estudos Etnobotânicos e Etnofarmacológicos (CEE)-Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução de Sistemas Socioecológicos (LEA), Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
PeerJ. 2023 Nov 7;11:e16231. doi: 10.7717/peerj.16231. eCollection 2023.
Ethnobotanical studies that use the participatory research approach seek to involve the residents of a community in different stages of the study, promoting the registration, dissemination and strengthening of local knowledge, as well as the empowerment of decisions related to the sustainable use and management of resources. Using the participatory methodology, this study recorded and made a comparative analysis on the use of plants in two quilombola communities (Quilombo do Cambury-QC and Quilombo da Fazenda-QF) in the State of São Paulo. After a training on anthropological and botanical methods, local researchers selected and interviewed the local experts, recording their knowledge on plant uses and collecting the indicated plants, to be identified and deposited in herbariums. In addition, participant observation and field diaries were used by the academic researchers, helping to analyze the data. To test the differences in the composition of species known to local community, a Jaccard dissimilarity matrix was created, and a Permanova test was employed. During the 178 days of fieldwork, three local researchers from the QC and two from the QF, selected nine and eight experts on the uses of the plants in each quilombo, respectively, corresponding to 214 plant species, indicated for eight ethnobotanical categories. Our hypothesis has been confirmed, since the traditional knowledge found in both quilombos, regarding plant uses and the number of plant species by category, are distinct, since each community occupies particular plant areas and different phytophysiognomies. Most of the indicated species are native to the Atlantic forest, and no significant differences were observed in the proportion of native species . introduced among quilombos for any of the categories of use studied. Furthermore, the innovative methodology used, participatory ethnobotany, contributed to the empowerment of community members with regard to the use of their available resources in the environment in which they live, while retaining the intellectual property rights over their own knowledge.
民族植物学研究采用参与式研究方法，旨在让社区居民参与研究的不同阶段，促进当地知识的登记、传播和加强，以及与资源可持续利用和管理相关的决策赋权。本研究采用参与式方法，对圣保罗州两个 quilombola 社区（ quilombo do Cambury-QC 和 quilombo da Fazenda-QF ）的植物使用情况进行了记录和比较分析。在进行了关于人类学和植物学方法的培训后，当地研究人员选择并采访了当地专家，记录了他们对植物用途的了解，并收集了所指示的植物，以便进行鉴定并保存在植物标本馆中。此外，学术研究人员还使用了参与式观察和野外日记，以帮助分析数据。为了测试当地社区已知物种组成的差异，创建了一个 Jaccard 不相似性矩阵，并进行了 Permanova 检验。在 178 天的实地工作中，QC 的三位当地研究人员和 QF 的两位当地研究人员分别从每个 quilombo 中选择了九位和八位植物用途专家，对应于 214 种植物，分别对应于八种民族植物学类别。我们的假设得到了证实，因为在这两个 quilombos 中发现的关于植物用途和按类别划分的植物物种数量的传统知识是不同的，因为每个社区都占据着特定的植物区域和不同的植被类型。大多数所指的物种都是大西洋森林的本地种，在所研究的任何用途类别中，quilombos 之间都没有观察到本地种和引入种的比例有显著差异。此外，所使用的创新方法，即参与式民族植物学，有助于增强社区成员对其在生活环境中可用资源的利用能力，同时保留他们对自己知识的知识产权。
