Graduate School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
Nagoya Juvenile Classification Home, Nagoya, Japan.
Appl Neuropsychol Child. 2022 Jan-Mar;11(1):25-34. doi: 10.1080/21622965.2020.1734458. Epub 2020 Mar 19.
We sought to clarify the influence of family developmental conditions (e.g., adverse childhood experiences: ACEs), peer relationships (e.g., bullying), and neurocognitive impairment on recidivism in adolescents with conduct disorder (CD). We interviewed 290 adolescents with CD (265 males, 25 females) who had been admitted to a juvenile justice assessment center for the first time about their offense(s), onset of delinquency, ACEs, and peer relationships. The participants also completed tests of neurocognitive activities and self-report symptom measures: the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), the Memory Updating test for the assessment of attention, the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (A-DES) for the assessment of dissociation, and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11th version (BIS-11) for the assessment of impulsivity. After the family court judgement and discharge, the participants were followed for 3 years. Readmissions to the center during the follow-up period were considered cases of "recidivism." During the follow-up, 102 (35.2%) participants were readmitted to the center. A survival analysis (Cox proportional hazard model) showed that lower age, bullying (as the perpetrator), and impaired cognitive function (e.g., a lower SDMT score) significantly increased recidivism, whereas bullying (as both victim and perpetrator) decreased recidivism. ACEs showed no clear effect on recidivism. Lower age and impaired cognitive function appear to predispose adolescent first-time offenders with CD to recidivism. However, the peer bullying analysis showed that being a perpetrator positively influenced recidivism, whereas being both a victim and a perpetrator negatively influenced recidivism. Further research considering the heterogeneity and comorbidity of CD could clarify bullying's influence on recidivism.
我们旨在厘清家庭发展条件（例如，不良童年经历：ACEs）、同伴关系（例如，欺凌）和神经认知损伤对品行障碍（CD）青少年累犯的影响。我们采访了 290 名首次因犯罪行为被送入少年司法评估中心的 CD 青少年（265 名男性，25 名女性），了解他们的犯罪行为、犯罪开始时间、ACEs 和同伴关系。参与者还完成了神经认知活动和自我报告症状测量：符号数字模态测试（SDMT）、注意力评估的记忆更新测试、青少年分离体验量表（A-DES）评估分离、以及用于评估冲动性的 11 版巴雷特冲动量表（BIS-11）。在家庭法庭判决和出院后，对参与者进行了 3 年的随访。在随访期间，参与者再次被送入中心被视为“累犯”。在随访期间，有 102 名（35.2%）参与者再次被送入中心。生存分析（Cox 比例风险模型）显示，年龄较小、欺凌（作为施害者）和认知功能受损（例如，SDMT 得分较低）显著增加了累犯的风险，而欺凌（作为受害者和施害者）则降低了累犯的风险。ACEs 对累犯没有明显影响。年龄较小和认知功能受损似乎使初次犯罪的青少年 CD 患者更容易累犯。然而，同伴欺凌分析表明，作为施害者会积极影响累犯，而作为受害者和施害者则会消极影响累犯。进一步考虑 CD 的异质性和共病性的研究可以阐明欺凌对累犯的影响。
