Held P J, Pauly M V, Diamond L
JAMA. 1987 Feb 6;257(5):645-50.
We analyzed the five-year survival of 4661 patients with end-stage renal disease whose first dialysis occurred in 1977. The analysis incorporated characteristics of patients and dialysis institutions. Results showed that mortality was positively correlated with patient age, initial conditions leading to renal failure, being male and white, open staffing, and the number of staff physicians. In addition, lower death rates were observed for patients treated in larger dialysis units and units that had been long-term reusers of dialyzers. Patients treated in for-profit and not-for-profit units appeared to have the same mortality, although patients treated in freestanding units had lower mortality. The direction of causation was not always clear in these results.
我们分析了1977年首次进行透析的4661例终末期肾病患者的五年生存率。该分析纳入了患者和透析机构的特征。结果显示，死亡率与患者年龄、导致肾衰竭的初始状况、男性和白人、开放式人员配备以及 staff physicians 的数量呈正相关。此外，在较大的透析单位和长期复用透析器的单位接受治疗的患者死亡率较低。营利性和非营利性单位治疗的患者死亡率似乎相同，尽管独立单位治疗的患者死亡率较低。这些结果中因果关系的方向并不总是明确的。 （注：原文中“staff physicians”直译为“ staff 医生”，不太明确具体准确含义，可结合上下文进一步优化表述，但按要求未做修改）
