Department of Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Presidente Prudente 19060-900, SP, Brazil.
Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil.
Nutrients. 2023 Oct 26;15(21):4534. doi: 10.3390/nu15214534.
A systematic review was undertaken to investigate the involvement of hydration in heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV) and diastolic (DBP) and systolic (SBP) blood pressure in response to exercise. Data synthesis: The EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, LILACS and Web of Science databases were searched. In total, 977 studies were recognized, but only 36 were included after final screening (33 studies in meta-analysis). This study includes randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs with subjects > 18 years old. The hydration group consumed water or isotonic drinks, while the control group did not ingest liquids. For the hydration protocol (before, during and after exercise), the HR values during the exercise were lower compared to the controls (-6.20 bpm, 95%CI: -8.69; -3.71). In the subgroup analysis, "water ingested before and during exercise" showed lower increases in HR during exercise (-6.20, 95%CI: 11.70 to -0.71), as did "water was ingested only during exercise" (-6.12, 95%CI: -9.35 to -2.89). Water intake during exercise only revealed a trend of avoiding greater increases in HR during exercise (-4,60, 95%CI: -9.41 to 0.22), although these values were not significantly different ( = 0.06) from those of the control. "Isotonic intake during exercise" showed lower HRs than the control (-7.23 bpm, 95% CI: -11.68 to -2.79). The HRV values following the exercise were higher in the hydration protocol (SMD = 0.48, 95%CI: 0.30 to 0.67). The values of the SBP were higher than those of the controls (2.25 mmHg, 95%CI: 0.08 to 4.42). Conclusions: Hydration-attenuated exercise-induced increases in HR during exercise, improved autonomic recovery via the acceleration of cardiac vagal modulation in response to exercise and caused a modest increase in SBP values, but did not exert effects on DBP following exercise.
系统评价旨在研究水合作用对运动时心率（HR）、心率变异性（HRV）、舒张压（DBP）和收缩压（SBP）的影响。数据综合：检索了 EMBASE、MEDLINE、Cochrane 图书馆、CINAHL、LILACS 和 Web of Science 数据库。共识别出 977 项研究，但最终筛选后仅纳入 36 项（33 项进行荟萃分析）。本研究包括大于 18 岁的随机对照试验（RCT）和非 RCT。水合组饮用水或等渗饮料，而对照组不摄入液体。对于水合方案（运动前、运动中和运动后），运动时的 HR 值低于对照组（-6.20 bpm，95%CI：-8.69；-3.71）。在亚组分析中，“运动前和运动中摄入水”显示运动时 HR 增加幅度较低（-6.20，95%CI：11.70 至-0.71），“仅在运动中摄入水”也是如此（-6.12，95%CI：-9.35 至-2.89）。仅在运动中摄入水显示出避免运动时 HR 增加幅度更大的趋势（-4.60，95%CI：-9.41 至 0.22），尽管这些值与对照组相比没有显著差异（=0.06）。“运动中摄入等渗液”的 HR 低于对照组（-7.23 bpm，95%CI：-11.68 至-2.79）。运动后 HRV 值在水合方案中较高（SMD=0.48，95%CI：0.30 至 0.67）。SBP 值高于对照组（2.25 mmHg，95%CI：0.08 至 4.42）。结论：水合作用可减弱运动时 HR 的升高，通过加速运动时心脏迷走神经调节来改善自主神经恢复，并使 SBP 值适度升高，但对运动后 DBP 无影响。
