Haq Nazrul, Shahid Mudassar, Alaofi Ahmed L, Ahmad Zeeshan Heera, Alrayyes Yasser F, Alsarra Ibrahim A, Shakeel Faiyaz
Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Dental University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia.
ACS Omega. 2023 Oct 24;8(44):41755-41764. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06176. eCollection 2023 Nov 7.
A nanoemulsion-based polyherbal mouthwash (PHFX) of hydroalcoholic extract was developed and evaluated for its antibacterial effects against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative oral pathogens in comparison to standard chlorhexidine acetate (CHD-A) (positive control). Various nanoemulsion-based mouthwashes of extract were produced using an aqueous phase titration approach via construction of pseudoternary phase diagrams. The developed nanoemulsion-based PHFX was studied for thermodynamic stability tests. Selected formulations (PHFX1-PHFX5) were characterized physicochemically for droplet diameter, polydispersity index (PDI), refractive index (RI), transmittance, and pH. The drug release studies were performed using the dialysis method. Based on the minimum droplet diameter (26.34 nm), least PDI (0.132), optimal RI (1.337), maximum % (99.13), optimal pH (6.45), and maximum cumulative drug release (98.2%), formulation PHFX1 (containing 0.5% w/w of extract, 1.5% w/w of clove oil, 7.0% w/w of Tween-80, 7.0% w/w of Transcutol-HP, and 84.0% w/w of water) was selected for antimicrobial studies in comparison to standard CHD-A. The antibacterial effects and minimum inhibitory concentration were studied against various Gram-positive oral pathogens such as , , , and and Gram-negative oral pathogens such as and . The antibacterial effects of PHFX1 were found to be significant over standard CHD-A against most Gram-positive and Gram-negative oral pathogens. The antimicrobial studies showed that the formulation PHFX1 was effective against all oral pathogens even at 3- to 4-fold lower working concentrations. These findings indicated the potential of nanoemulsion-based mouthwash in the treatment of a variety of oral pathogen infections.
研制了一种基于纳米乳的含醇水提取物多草药漱口水（PHFX），并与标准醋酸氯己定（CHD-A）（阳性对照）相比，评估了其对多种革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性口腔病原体的抗菌效果。通过构建伪三元相图，采用水相滴定法制备了各种基于纳米乳的提取物漱口水。对所研制的基于纳米乳的PHFX进行了热力学稳定性测试。对选定的配方（PHFX1-PHFX5）进行了物理化学表征，测定了液滴直径、多分散指数（PDI）、折射率（RI）、透光率和pH值。采用透析法进行药物释放研究。基于最小液滴直径（26.34nm）、最小PDI（0.132）、最佳RI（1.337）、最大百分比（99.13）、最佳pH（6.45）和最大累积药物释放率（98.2%），选择配方PHFX1（含有0.5%w/w的提取物、1.5%w/w的丁香油、7.0%w/w的吐温-80、7.0%w/w的二乙二醇单乙醚和84.0%w/w的水）与标准CHD-A进行抗菌研究。研究了其对各种革兰氏阳性口腔病原体如……、……、……和……以及革兰氏阴性口腔病原体如……和……的抗菌效果和最低抑菌浓度。发现PHFX1对大多数革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性口腔病原体的抗菌效果优于标准CHD-A。抗菌研究表明，即使在工作浓度低3至4倍的情况下，配方PHFX1对所有口腔病原体仍有效。这些发现表明基于纳米乳的漱口水在治疗多种口腔病原体感染方面具有潜力。
