Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Dec;30(57):119750-119771. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-30573-x. Epub 2023 Nov 16.
To overcome the air pollution and ill effects of IC engine-based transportation (ICEVs), demand of electric vehicles (EVs) has risen which reduce gasoline consumption, environment degradation and energy wastage, but barriers-short driving range, higher battery cost and longer charging time-slow down its wide adoptions and commercialization. Although to overcome such issues, EV variants -HEVs and PHEVs-were also brought into the market but not that successful either. The use of ICE in HEVs and PHEVs increases fossil fuel dependency. Thus, the research focus shifted towards fuel cell-powered electric vehicles (FCEVs) which offer negligible emission and higher efficiency than EV variants. Though a moderate research work has been done on FCEVs, still its wide expansion is limited, facing severe challenges commonly related to fuel cost, selection of energy units, power electronic interfacing, component sizing and energy management. This paper presents an extensive exploration on EV variants, their issues, an in-depth comparison of latest topologies for FCEVs and optimum arrangement of HESS, designed by energy unit's integration, i.e. FC, battery and UCs, to encounter the dynamic power demand and develop a performant model for transportation. In last, progress and possible future research areas are discussed. In short, this paper reveals all contemporary information of FCHEV technology to the scientists and scholars who are working in this particular arena.
为了克服基于内燃机的交通运输（ICEV）所带来的空气污染和负面影响，对电动汽车（EV）的需求不断增加，这可以减少汽油消耗、环境恶化和能源浪费，但障碍——短的行驶里程、更高的电池成本和更长的充电时间——减缓了其广泛采用和商业化。尽管为了克服这些问题，也推出了电动汽车的变体——混合动力汽车和插电式混合动力汽车——但它们也不是很成功。在混合动力汽车和插电式混合动力汽车中使用内燃机增加了对化石燃料的依赖。因此，研究重点转向了燃料电池电动汽车（FCEV），它比电动汽车变体具有更小的排放和更高的效率。虽然对 FCEV 进行了适度的研究，但它的广泛扩展仍然受到限制，面临着严重的挑战，通常与燃料成本、能源单元选择、电力电子接口、组件尺寸和能量管理有关。本文对电动汽车的变体及其问题进行了广泛的探讨，对 FCEV 的最新拓扑结构进行了深入比较，并对 HESS 的最佳配置进行了设计，通过能量单元的集成，即 FC、电池和 UCs 的集成，来满足动态功率需求，并为运输开发一个高性能的模型。最后，讨论了进展和可能的未来研究领域。总之，本文向从事这一特定领域的科学家和学者揭示了 FCHEV 技术的所有当代信息。
