Persistent Inflammation Associated With HLA-B27 After Pars Plana Vitrectomy With Scleral Buckle Placement.

To report 2 cases of persistent inflammation associated with human leukocyte antigen-B27 (HLA-B27) after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with scleral buckling. Two cases were analyzed. A 47-year-old man had pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), scleral buckle (SB) placement, and endolaser for a macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). A 61-year-old man also had uneventful PPV, SB placement, and endolaser for a macula-off RRD. Postoperatively, both patients reported eye pain and had persistent intraocular inflammation. Both were found to be HLA-B27 positive despite having no previous signs or symptoms that would warrant HLA-B27 testing. Discovering the source of prolonged postoperative inflammation is critical in initiating the correct treatment and removing suspicion of infection. Although intraocular inflammation associated with HLA-B27 does not often present initially after surgery, HLA-B27 testing should be considered in cases of persistent, unexpected postoperative inflammation.