Generalov Evgenii, Yakovenko Leonid
Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia.
Biophys Rev. 2023 Jul 27;15(5):1209-1222. doi: 10.1007/s12551-023-01102-4. eCollection 2023 Oct.
Polysaccharides, the most diverse forms of organic molecules in nature, exhibit a large number of different biological activities, such as immunomodulatory, radioprotective, antioxidant, regenerative, metabolic, signaling, antitumor, and anticoagulant. The reaction of cells to a polysaccharide is determined by its specific interaction with receptors present on the cell surface, the type of cells, and their condition. The effect of many polysaccharides depends non-linearly on their concentration. The same polysaccharide in different conditions can have very different effects on cells and organisms, up to the opposite; therefore, when conducting studies of the biological activity of polysaccharides, both for the purpose of developing new drugs or approaches to the treatment of patients, and in order to clarify the features of intracellular processes, information about already known research results is needed. There is a lot of scattered data on the biological activities of polysaccharides, but there are few reviews that would consider natural polysaccharides from various sources and possible molecular mechanisms of their action. The purpose of this review is to present the main results published at different times in order to facilitate the search for information necessary for conducting relevant studies.
多糖是自然界中形式最多样的有机分子，具有大量不同的生物活性，如免疫调节、辐射防护、抗氧化、再生、代谢、信号传导、抗肿瘤和抗凝血等。细胞对多糖的反应取决于其与细胞表面存在的受体的特异性相互作用、细胞类型及其状态。许多多糖的作用效果与其浓度呈非线性关系。同一多糖在不同条件下对细胞和生物体可能产生非常不同的影响，甚至是相反的影响；因此，在进行多糖生物活性研究时，无论是为了开发新药或治疗患者的方法，还是为了阐明细胞内过程的特征，都需要了解已知的研究结果信息。关于多糖生物活性有很多分散的数据，但很少有综述会考虑来自各种来源的天然多糖及其可能的作用分子机制。本综述的目的是呈现不同时期发表的主要研究结果，以便于查找进行相关研究所必需的信息。
