免疫调节膳食多糖：文献系统综述。
Immunomodulatory dietary polysaccharides: a systematic review of the literature.
机构信息
Mannatech™, Incorporated, 600 S, Royal Lane, Suite 200, Coppell, TX 75019 USA.
出版信息
Nutr J. 2010 Nov 18;9:54. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-9-54.
BACKGROUND
A large body of literature suggests that certain polysaccharides affect immune system function. Much of this literature, however, consists of in vitro studies or studies in which polysaccharides were injected. Their immunologic effects following oral administration is less clear. The purpose of this systematic review was to consolidate and evaluate the available data regarding the specific immunologic effects of dietary polysaccharides.
METHODS
Studies were identified by conducting PubMed and Google Scholar electronic searches and through reviews of polysaccharide article bibliographies. Only articles published in English were included in this review. Two researchers reviewed data on study design, control, sample size, results, and nature of outcome measures. Subsequent searches were conducted to gather information about polysaccharide safety, structure and composition, and disposition.
RESULTS
We found 62 publications reporting statistically significant effects of orally ingested glucans, pectins, heteroglycans, glucomannans, fucoidans, galactomannans, arabinogalactans and mixed polysaccharide products in rodents. Fifteen controlled human studies reported that oral glucans, arabinogalactans, heteroglycans, and fucoidans exerted significant effects. Although some studies investigated anti-inflammatory effects, most studies investigated the ability of oral polysaccharides to stimulate the immune system. These studies, as well as safety and toxicity studies, suggest that these polysaccharide products appear to be largely well-tolerated.
CONCLUSIONS
Taken as a whole, the oral polysaccharide literature is highly heterogenous and is not sufficient to support broad product structure/function generalizations. Numerous dietary polysaccharides, particularly glucans, appear to elicit diverse immunomodulatory effects in numerous animal tissues, including the blood, GI tract and spleen. Glucan extracts from the Trametes versicolor mushroom improved survival and immune function in human RCTs of cancer patients; glucans, arabinogalactans and fucoidans elicited immunomodulatory effects in controlled studies of healthy adults and patients with canker sores and seasonal allergies. This review provides a foundation that can serve to guide future research on immune modulation by well-characterized polysaccharide compounds.
背景
大量文献表明，某些多糖会影响免疫系统功能。然而，其中许多文献都是体外研究或多糖注射研究。关于其口服后的免疫效应则不太清楚。本系统评价的目的是综合和评估有关膳食多糖的特定免疫效应的现有数据。
方法
通过进行 PubMed 和 Google Scholar 电子检索，并查阅多糖文章的参考文献，确定了研究。本综述仅纳入英文发表的文章。两名研究人员对研究设计、对照、样本量、结果和结局测量指标的性质进行了数据回顾。随后进行了进一步检索，以收集有关多糖安全性、结构和组成以及处置的信息。
结果
我们发现 62 篇文献报道了口服葡聚糖、果胶、杂多糖、葡甘露聚糖、岩藻聚糖、半乳甘露聚糖、阿拉伯半乳聚糖和混合多糖产品在啮齿动物中具有统计学显著效应。15 项对照人体研究报告称，口服葡聚糖、阿拉伯半乳聚糖、杂多糖和岩藻聚糖具有显著效应。虽然一些研究调查了抗炎作用，但大多数研究调查了口服多糖刺激免疫系统的能力。这些研究以及安全性和毒性研究表明，这些多糖产品似乎大多耐受良好。
结论
总的来说，口服多糖文献高度异质，不足以支持广泛的产品结构/功能概括。许多膳食多糖，特别是葡聚糖，似乎在包括血液、胃肠道和脾脏在内的许多动物组织中引发了不同的免疫调节作用。云芝多糖提取物在癌症患者的 RCT 中提高了生存率和免疫功能；葡聚糖、阿拉伯半乳聚糖和岩藻聚糖在健康成年人以及口腔溃疡和季节性过敏患者的对照研究中引起了免疫调节作用。本综述为未来研究具有良好特征的多糖化合物对免疫的调节作用提供了基础。
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