Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Pulmonary Division, Department Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Utsunomiya Hospital, Tochigi, Japan.
Hypertens Res. 2024 Apr;47(4):934-943. doi: 10.1038/s41440-023-01501-w. Epub 2023 Nov 17.
With the rising numbers of patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, long coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-a sequelae of COVID-19-has become a major problem. Different sexes and age groups develop different long COVID symptoms, and the risk factors for long COVID remain unclear. Therefore, we performed subgroup analyses of patients with COVID-19, classifying them into different groups. In this multicenter cohort study, using an original questionnaire, we examined patients (≥18 years old) diagnosed with COVID-19 from November 2020 to March 2022 and hospitalized at participating medical facilities. In total, 1066 patients were registered (361 female, 620 male). Hypertension was the most common comorbidity (n = 344; 32.5%). Females with hypertension were significantly less likely to develop long COVID symptoms than those without hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.27-0.98; p = 0.043). In females, Ca channel blocker administration, rather than having hypertension, was significantly associated with reductions in the frequency of alopecia (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03-0.67, p = 0.015), memory impairment (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.02-0.82, p = 0.029), sleeping disorders (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.04-0.67, p = 0.012), tinnitus (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.05-0.98, p = 0.047), sputum (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.10-0.92, p = 0.035), and fever (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.12-0.93, p = 0.036). Several long COVID symptoms, including alopecia, were significantly negatively associated with Ca channel-blocker administration in female patients with long COVID. Calcium channel blockers may reduce the development of long COVID in females.
随着感染严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 的患者数量不断增加，长期冠状病毒病 2019（COVID-19）——COVID-19 的后遗症——已成为一个主要问题。不同性别和年龄组的患者出现不同的长期 COVID 症状，且长期 COVID 的风险因素仍不清楚。因此，我们对 COVID-19 患者进行了亚组分析，将他们分为不同的组。在这项多中心队列研究中，我们使用原始问卷检查了 2020 年 11 月至 2022 年 3 月期间在参与医疗机构被诊断为 COVID-19 并住院的年龄≥18 岁的患者。共有 1066 名患者登记（361 名女性，620 名男性）。高血压是最常见的合并症（n=344；32.5%）。患有高血压的女性发生长期 COVID 症状的可能性明显低于无高血压的女性（比值比 [OR] 0.51，95%置信区间 [CI] 0.27-0.98；p=0.043）。在女性中，钙通道阻滞剂的使用与脱发（OR 0.14，95% CI 0.03-0.67，p=0.015）、记忆力减退（OR 0.14，95% CI 0.02-0.82，p=0.029）、睡眠障碍（OR 0.17，95% CI 0.04-0.67，p=0.012）、耳鸣（OR 0.23，95% CI 0.05-0.98，p=0.047）、咳痰（OR 0.31，95% CI 0.10-0.92，p=0.035）和发热（OR 0.33，95% CI 0.12-0.93，p=0.036）等几种长期 COVID 症状显著负相关。钙通道阻滞剂可能会降低女性长期 COVID 患者出现长期 COVID 的风险。钙通道阻滞剂可能会降低女性长期 COVID 患者出现长期 COVID 的风险。
