Gellman R M
Soc Sci Med. 1986;23(8):817-26. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(86)90280-7.
Increasing demands are being placed on medical care providers for the disclosure of identifiable patient information for use in the medical treatment and payment system as well as for unrelated uses. The legal and ethical principles that are supposed to guide physicians with respect to confidentiality of medical records are neither consistent nor complete. Physicians are required to make decisions regarding the disclosure of patient information without clearly defined, up-to-date legal or ethical guidance and in circumstances in which the physician and the patient may have different interests.
医疗服务提供者面临着越来越大的压力，要求他们披露可识别的患者信息，以供医疗治疗和支付系统使用，以及用于无关用途。本应指导医生处理医疗记录保密问题的法律和道德原则既不一致也不完整。医生在没有明确、最新的法律或道德指导的情况下，以及在医生和患者可能存在不同利益的情况下，需要就患者信息的披露做出决定。
