National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
J Med Entomol. 2024 Jan 12;61(1):191-200. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjad151.
Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberales: Zingiberaceae) leaf and rhizome essential oils were evaluated for their toxicity and repellency against invasive fire ants: red imported fire ants (RIFA), Solenopsis invicta Buren, black imported fire ants (BIFA), Solenopsis richteri Forel, and a reproductively functional hybrid (HIFA). Ar-turmerone was the major constituent of leaf (42.4%) and rhizome (40.4%) essential oils. A range of concentrations starting from 156 µg/g until the failure of treatment were used. Removal of treated sand in digging bioassay was used as a criterion for repellency. Leaf essential oil showed significantly higher repellency at concentrations of 19.5, 9.8, and 4.9 µg/g against RIFA, BIFA, and HIFA workers, respectively, as compared with control whereas rhizome essential oil was active at 39, 19.5, and 4.9 µg/g against BIFA, RIFA, and HIFA, respectively. Ar-turmerone exhibited repellency at 19.5 µg/g against HIFA workers whereas DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide) failed at 39 µg/g. Leaf essential oil showed LC50 values of 85.8, 97.7, and 182.7µg/g against RIFA, BIFA and HIFA workers, whereas the rhizome essential oil had LC50 values of 127, 109.9, and 151.2 µg/g against these species, respectively. Ar-turmerone, tested only against HIFA, with LC50 value of 57.2 was the most active compound. Bifenthrin, a commonly used pyrethroid, with LC50 of 0.03, 0.32, and 0.018 µg/g was toxic against RIFA, BIFA, and HIFA workers, respectively. Both the essential oils and ar-turmerone showed toxicity and repellency against imported fire ants. Different formulations of these natural products will be tested to explore the use potential of these natural products under field conditions.
姜黄（姜科：姜科）叶和根茎精油的毒性和驱避性进行了评价：红火蚁（RIFA）、入侵红火蚁（Solenopsis invicta Buren）、黑蚁（BIFA）、红火蚁（Solenopsis richteri Forel）和具有生殖功能的杂种（HIFA）。莪术烯是叶（42.4%）和根茎（40.4%）精油的主要成分。使用了从 156µg/g 到治疗失败的一系列浓度。挖掘生物测定中去除处理过的沙子被用作驱避性的标准。与对照相比，叶精油在 19.5、9.8 和 4.9µg/g 浓度下对 RIFA、BIFA 和 HIFA 工蚁的驱避性显著更高，而根茎精油在 39、19.5 和 4.9µg/g 下对 BIFA、RIFA 和 HIFA 分别有效。莪术烯在 19.5µg/g 浓度下对 HIFA 工蚁表现出驱避性，而 DEET（N，N-二乙基-间-甲苯酰胺）在 39µg/g 浓度下失败。叶精油对 RIFA、BIFA 和 HIFA 工蚁的 LC50 值分别为 85.8、97.7 和 182.7µg/g，而根茎精油对这些物种的 LC50 值分别为 127、109.9 和 151.2µg/g。仅对 HIFA 进行测试的莪术烯，LC50 值为 57.2，是最活跃的化合物。生物烯丙菊酯，一种常用的拟除虫菊酯，对 RIFA、BIFA 和 HIFA 工蚁的 LC50 值分别为 0.03、0.32 和 0.018µg/g，具有毒性。精油和莪术烯对红火蚁均具有毒性和驱避性。这些天然产物的不同配方将进行测试，以探索在田间条件下使用这些天然产物的潜力。
