ECHO Laboratory, MU Hearing, and Performance and Expertise Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
ECHO Laboratory, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
Sci Rep. 2023 Nov 20;13(1):20271. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-47396-y.
During conversations people coordinate simultaneous channels of verbal and nonverbal information to hear and be heard. But the presence of background noise levels such as those found in cafes and restaurants can be a barrier to conversational success. Here, we used speech and motion-tracking to reveal the reciprocal processes people use to communicate in noisy environments. Conversations between twenty-two pairs of typical-hearing adults were elicited under different conditions of background noise, while standing or sitting around a table. With the onset of background noise, pairs rapidly adjusted their interpersonal distance and speech level, with the degree of initial change dependent on noise level and talker configuration. Following this transient phase, pairs settled into a sustaining phase in which reciprocal speech and movement-based coordination processes synergistically maintained effective communication, again with the magnitude of stability of these coordination processes covarying with noise level and talker configuration. Finally, as communication breakdowns increased at high noise levels, pairs exhibited resetting behaviors to help restore communication-decreasing interpersonal distance and/or increasing speech levels in response to communication breakdowns. Approximately 78 dB SPL defined a threshold where behavioral processes were no longer sufficient for maintaining effective conversation and communication breakdowns rapidly increased.
在对话中，人们会协调言语和非言语信息的同步通道，以实现听说双方的目的。但咖啡馆和餐厅等场所存在的背景噪音会成为对话成功的障碍。在这里，我们使用语音和运动跟踪来揭示人们在嘈杂环境中进行交流时所使用的相互作用过程。在不同的背景噪声条件下，二十二人对典型听力的成年人进行了交谈，他们站着或坐在桌子旁。随着背景噪声的出现，交谈双方迅速调整了他们的人际距离和说话音量，初始变化的程度取决于噪声水平和说话者的配置。在这个短暂的阶段之后，双方进入了一个维持阶段，在这个阶段，互惠的言语和基于运动的协调过程协同维持有效的沟通，这些协调过程的稳定性也与噪声水平和说话者的配置有关。最后，随着高噪声水平下的沟通中断增加，交谈双方表现出重置行为，以帮助恢复沟通——减少人际距离和/或增加说话音量以应对沟通中断。大约 78dB SPL 定义了一个阈值，在这个阈值下，行为过程不足以维持有效的对话，并且沟通中断迅速增加。
