教育干预对印度西孟加拉邦加尔各答郊区学校教师心血管疾病危险因素的影响：一项准实验研究。
Effect of educational intervention on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases among school teachers: a quasi-experimental study in a suburb of Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
机构信息
Department of Community Medicine, North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, Siliguri, West Bengal, India.
Department of Community Medicine, Rampurhat Government Medical College and Hospital, Rampurhat, West Bengal, India.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2023 Nov 21;23(1):2304. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-17227-w.
OBJECTIVE
This prospective study aimed to evaluate the effects of a health education intervention on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among school teachers.
METHODS
The study, conducted from August 2016 to May 2017, involved teachers from four schools in Baruipur, West Bengal, India. It was a multicentric, quasi-experimental study with an intervention group receiving tailored health education promoting lifestyle modifications, while the control group received no intervention. Baseline and endline assessments included behavioural and biological characteristics related to cardiovascular health and risk assessment. Data were analysed using JAMOVI.
RESULTS
The intervention group showed significant improvements in physical activity levels [Cohen's d (Cd): 0.43, p = 0.006] and the consumption of fruits and vegetables (Cd: 1.00, p = < 0.001). Notably, there was a considerable reduction in the consumption of salt (Cd: -0.93, p = 0.039), oil (Cd: -0.98, p = < 0.001), fast food (Cd: -0.99, p = < 0.001), junk food (Cd: -0.99, p = < 0.001), and red meat (Cd: -1.00, p = < 0.001) among participants. However, there were no significant improvements in biological characteristics within the intervention group. In contrast, the control group exhibited no significant changes in behavioural and biological characteristics compared to baseline. The intervention group showed a minor non-significant reduction (3.0%) in their 10-year cardiovascular risk compared to baseline (Cd: -1.00, p = 0.50), while the control group had a negligible non-significant increase (0.7%) in their cardiovascular risk (Cd: 1.00, p = 1.00).
CONCLUSION
Health education intervention positively influenced behavioural characteristics, such as physical activity and dietary habits, among school teachers. However, no significant improvements were observed in biological characteristics or cardiovascular risk factors.
目的
本前瞻性研究旨在评估健康教育干预对学校教师心血管疾病（CVD）危险因素的影响。
方法
该研究于 2016 年 8 月至 2017 年 5 月在印度西孟加拉邦 Baruipur 的四所学校进行，涉及教师。这是一项多中心、准实验研究，干预组接受了针对生活方式改变的量身定制的健康教育，而对照组则未接受干预。基线和终线评估包括与心血管健康和风险评估相关的行为和生物学特征。使用 JAMOVI 进行数据分析。
结果
干预组的身体活动水平显著提高[Cohen's d（Cd）：0.43，p=0.006]，水果和蔬菜的摄入量也显著增加（Cd：1.00，p<0.001）。值得注意的是，盐（Cd：-0.93，p=0.039）、油（Cd：-0.98，p<0.001）、快餐（Cd：-0.99，p<0.001）、垃圾食品（Cd：-0.99，p<0.001）和红肉（Cd：-1.00，p<0.001）的摄入量明显减少。然而，干预组的生物学特征没有显著改善。相比之下，对照组与基线相比，行为和生物学特征没有显著变化。与基线相比，干预组的 10 年心血管风险略有非显著降低（3.0%）（Cd：-1.00，p=0.50），而对照组的心血管风险则略有非显著增加（0.7%）（Cd：1.00，p=1.00）。
结论
健康教育干预对学校教师的行为特征，如身体活动和饮食习惯，产生了积极影响。然而，生物学特征或心血管危险因素没有显著改善。
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