Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Shatai South Road, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, Guangdong, China.
BMC Psychiatry. 2023 Nov 22;23(1):865. doi: 10.1186/s12888-023-05348-w.
Suicide is the fourth leading cause of death among young people aged 15-29 years. A large number of studies have found that mental disorder in adulthood is closely related to childhood trauma, and the relationship between childhood trauma and suicide risk is influenced by resilience and mental distress. This study aimed to explore the effects of childhood trauma on suicide risk among young people and the potential roles of resilience and mental distress in the relationship between childhood trauma on suicide risk.
A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 742 young adults who were in graduate school stage from multiple provinces and cities in China. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-Short Form), Connor-Davison Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and Suicide Behavior Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) were used to measure young adults' childhood trauma, resilience and suicide risk, respectively. 9-items Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and 7-items self-report Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) were used together to measure mental distress. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the initial relationships among the main variables. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted to examine the chain mediating effects of resilience and mental distress in the relationship between childhood trauma and suicide risk.
The structural equation modeling produced goodness of fit indices (χ /df = 3.668, p < 0.001, RMSEA = 0.060, NFI = 0.959, CFI = 0.969, GFI = 0.969, TLI = 0.955). Childhood trauma significantly predicted suicide risk (β = 0.232, p < 0.001) and mental distress (β = 0.181, p < 0.001), which had negative effect on resilience (β = -0.233, p < 0.001). Resilience negatively affected mental distress (β = -0.483, p < 0.001) and suicide risk (β = -0.142, p = 0.001), while mental distress positively associated with suicide risk (β = 0.219, p < 0.001).
The current study revealed that resilience and mental distress played chain-mediating roles in the relationship between childhood trauma and suicide risk. This suggests that we should view the suicide risk of graduate students from a comprehensive perspective.
自杀是 15-29 岁年轻人中第四大主要死因。大量研究发现，成年人的精神障碍与童年创伤密切相关，而童年创伤与自杀风险之间的关系受到韧性和精神困扰的影响。本研究旨在探讨童年创伤对年轻人自杀风险的影响，以及韧性和精神困扰在童年创伤与自杀风险关系中的潜在作用。
采用横断面调查方法，对来自中国多个省市的 742 名研究生进行调查。采用童年创伤问卷（CTQ-Short Form）、Connor-Davison 韧性量表（CD-RISC）和修订后的自杀行为问卷（SBQ-R）分别测量青年的童年创伤、韧性和自杀风险。同时采用 9 项患者健康问卷（PHQ-9）和 7 项广泛性焦虑障碍量表（GAD-7）测量精神困扰。采用相关分析探讨主要变量之间的初步关系。采用结构方程模型（SEM）检验韧性和精神困扰在童年创伤与自杀风险关系中的链式中介效应。
结构方程模型产生了良好的拟合指数（χ/df=3.668，p<0.001，RMSEA=0.060，NFI=0.959，CFI=0.969，GFI=0.969，TLI=0.955）。童年创伤显著预测自杀风险（β=0.232，p<0.001）和精神困扰（β=0.181，p<0.001），而对韧性有负面影响（β=-0.233，p<0.001）。韧性对精神困扰（β=-0.483，p<0.001）和自杀风险（β=-0.142，p=0.001）有负面影响，而精神困扰与自杀风险呈正相关（β=0.219，p<0.001）。
本研究揭示了韧性和精神困扰在童年创伤与自杀风险关系中起着链式中介作用。这表明我们应该从综合的角度看待研究生的自杀风险。
