Batta Irene, Kaur Tejinder, Agrawal Devendra K
Bothell High School, Bothell, Washington, USA.
Department of Zoology, DAV University, Jallandhar, Punjab, India.
Arch Microbiol Immunol. 2023;7(4):271-280. doi: 10.26502/ami.936500125. Epub 2023 Nov 3.
This article provides an in-depth examination on the differences between the influenza A strain, H1N1 (also called Swine Flu) and Covid-19 focusing on the immune response and clinical symptoms. Flu symptoms due to influenza A strain, H1N1, were initially discovered in 2009. This variant of influenza A is believed to have emerged through reassortment, a process where the resulting virus inherits gene segments from each of its parental viruses. This reassortment event has resulted in a variant with altered characteristics, potentially affecting the level of immunity in humans. The symptoms of this strain typically manifest 1-4 days after exposure and include fever, cough, sore throat, runny/stuffy nose, body aches, fatigue, and gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea. The transmission dynamics of this new variant, including human-to-human transmission, are still under investigation by health authorities. Individuals with weakened immune systems are generally more susceptible to severe illness. Risk factors associated with swine flu can include older adults, young children, pregnant women, and individuals with obesity. Historical variants of swine flu, such as the 2015 variant in India, have been associated with significant case numbers and deaths, often due to respiratory failure. Since the epidemic of Covid-19 due to SARS-CoV2 in early 2020, several symptoms of COVID-19 and swine flu overlap. In this article, we critically reviewed the differences and similarities in the immune response and clinical symptoms due to H1N1 virus and SARS-CoV2 in human.
本文深入探讨了甲型H1N1流感病毒株（也称为猪流感）与新型冠状病毒肺炎（Covid-19）之间的差异，重点关注免疫反应和临床症状。甲型H1N1流感病毒株引起的流感症状最初于2009年被发现。这种甲型流感病毒变种据信是通过重配产生的，在这个过程中，产生的病毒从其亲本病毒中继承基因片段。这种重配事件导致了一种特性改变的变种，可能会影响人类的免疫水平。该毒株的症状通常在接触后1至4天出现，包括发热、咳嗽、喉咙痛、流鼻涕/鼻塞、身体疼痛、疲劳以及腹泻等胃肠道症状。这种新变种的传播动态，包括人际传播，仍在卫生当局的调查之中。免疫系统较弱的个体通常更容易患上严重疾病。与猪流感相关的风险因素可能包括老年人、幼儿、孕妇以及肥胖者。猪流感的历史变种，如2015年在印度出现的变种，往往与大量病例和死亡有关，通常是由于呼吸衰竭。自2020年初新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情爆发以来，新型冠状病毒肺炎和猪流感的一些症状存在重叠。在本文中，我们批判性地回顾了人类感染H1N1病毒和新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV2）后免疫反应和临床症状的差异与相似之处。
