Wolraich M L, Siperstein G N
Am J Ment Defic. 1986 Nov;91(3):244-9.
A questionnaire was sent to 600 randomly selected professional members of the American Association on Mental Deficiency (an equal number of educators, physicians, psychologists, and social workers). It consisted of an assessment of expectations and prognostications about residential and vocational placement for persons in the three levels of retardation. Results showed that physicians had significantly lower expectations than did educators and social workers. Professionals' expectations factored into four skill groups: Independent Living, Decision Making, Self-Help, and Social Activity Skills. Physician expectations on cluster scores of Independent Living and Self-Help Skills were significantly lower for moderately retarded persons for Independent Living and severely retarded individuals for Self-Help. Physicians were also significantly more restrictive about residential and vocational placements for mildly retarded individuals. Results suggest that there are differences in expectations and prognostications even among professionals in the area of mental retardation.
一份调查问卷被发送给随机挑选的600名美国智力缺陷协会的专业会员（教育工作者、医生、心理学家和社会工作者人数相等）。问卷内容是对智力发育迟缓三个程度的人群在居住和职业安置方面的期望和预后评估。结果显示，医生的期望显著低于教育工作者和社会工作者。专业人员的期望被归纳为四个技能组：独立生活、决策、自助和社交活动技能。对于中度智力发育迟缓者的独立生活技能组得分以及重度智力发育迟缓者的自助技能组得分，医生的期望显著较低。对于轻度智力发育迟缓者的居住和职业安置，医生的限制也显著更多。结果表明，即使在智力缺陷领域的专业人员中，期望和预后也存在差异。
