Conceição Ismara Santos Rocha, Garcia-Burgos David, de Macêdo Patrícia Fortes Cavalcanti, Nepomuceno Carina Marcia Magalhães, Pereira Emile Miranda, Cunha Carla de Magalhães, Ribeiro Camila Duarte Ferreira, de Santana Mônica Leila Portela
Graduate Program in Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador 40110-907, Brazil.
Department of Psychobiology, The "Federico Olóriz" Institute of Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2023 Oct 25;13(11):883. doi: 10.3390/bs13110883.
The aetiology of anorexia nervosa (AN) presents a puzzle for researchers. Recent research has sought to understand the behavioural and neural mechanisms of these patients' persistent choice of calorie restriction. This scoping review aims to map the literature on the contribution of habit-based learning to food restriction in AN. PRISMA-ScR guidelines were adopted. The search strategy was applied to seven databases and to grey literature. A total of 35 studies were included in this review. The results indicate that the habit-based learning model has gained substantial attention in current research, employing neuroimaging methods, scales, and behavioural techniques. Food choices were strongly associated with dorsal striatum activity, and habitual food restriction based on the self-report restriction index was associated with clinical impairment in people chronically ill with restricting AN. High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) and Regulating Emotions and Changing Habits (REaCH) have emerged as potential treatments. Future research should employ longitudinal studies to investigate the time required for habit-based learning and analyse how developmental status, such as adolescence, influences the role of habits in the progression and severity of diet-related illnesses. Ultimately, seeking effective strategies to modify persistent dietary restrictions controlled by habits remains essential.
神经性厌食症（AN）的病因给研究人员带来了一个难题。最近的研究试图了解这些患者持续选择热量限制的行为和神经机制。本综述旨在梳理关于基于习惯的学习对AN患者食物限制的影响的文献。采用了PRISMA-ScR指南。检索策略应用于七个数据库和灰色文献。本综述共纳入35项研究。结果表明，基于习惯的学习模型在当前研究中受到了广泛关注，研究采用了神经成像方法、量表和行为技术。食物选择与背侧纹状体活动密切相关，基于自我报告限制指数的习惯性食物限制与长期患有限制型AN的患者的临床损害有关。高频重复经颅磁刺激（HF-rTMS）和调节情绪与改变习惯（REaCH）已成为潜在的治疗方法。未来的研究应采用纵向研究来调查基于习惯的学习所需的时间，并分析发育状态（如青春期）如何影响习惯在饮食相关疾病的进展和严重程度中的作用。最终，寻求有效的策略来改变由习惯控制的持续饮食限制仍然至关重要。
