Weissenbacher-Lang Christiane, Grenl Anna, Blasi Barbara
Department for Pathobiology, Institute of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
J Fungi (Basel). 2023 Nov 4;9(11):1081. doi: 10.3390/jof9111081.
A systematic literature search on in 276 pet, farm, zoo, and wild mammal species resulted in 124 publications originating from 38 countries that were analyzed descriptively and statistically, for which inclusion and exclusion criteria were exactly defined. The range of recorded prevalence was broad, yet in half of the citations a prevalence of ≤25% was documented. Prevalence was significantly dependent on the method used for detection, with PCR revealing the highest percentages. Pet animals showed the lowest median prevalence, followed by farm, wild, and zoo animals. In contrast, pet and farm animals showed higher proportions of high-grade infection levels compared to zoo and wild mammals. Only in individual cases, all of them associated with severe pneumonia, was an underlying immunosuppression confirmed. Acquired immunosuppression caused by other diseases was frequently discussed, but its significance, especially in highly immunosuppressive cases, needs to be clarified. This meta-analysis supported a potential influence of the social and environmental factors of the host on transmission in wildlife, which must be further elucidated, as well as the genetic diversity of the fungus.
对276种宠物、农场动物、动物园动物和野生哺乳动物进行的系统文献检索，得到了来自38个国家的124篇出版物，对其进行了描述性和统计分析，并明确界定了纳入和排除标准。所记录的[具体疾病名称未给出]患病率范围很广，但在一半的引用文献中，记录的患病率≤25%。患病率显著取决于用于[具体检测方法未给出]检测的方法，其中PCR检测出的百分比最高。宠物的[具体疾病名称未给出]患病率中位数最低，其次是农场动物、野生动物和动物园动物。相比之下，与动物园和野生哺乳动物相比，宠物和农场动物的高级感染水平比例更高。仅在个别病例中，所有这些病例均与严重的[具体疾病名称未给出]肺炎相关，证实存在潜在的免疫抑制。由其他疾病引起的获得性免疫抑制经常被讨论，但其重要性，尤其是在高度免疫抑制的病例中，需要进一步阐明。这项荟萃分析支持宿主的社会和环境因素对野生动物中[具体疾病名称未给出]传播的潜在影响，这一点必须进一步阐明，同时也支持真菌的遗传多样性。
