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描述一种异养双鞭毛滴虫对甲藻的影响。

Characterizing the Influence of a Heterotrophic Bicosoecid Flagellate sp. on the Dinoflagellate .

机构信息

State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.

Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 321000, China.

出版信息

Toxins (Basel). 2023 Nov 14;15(11):657. doi: 10.3390/toxins15110657.

DOI:10.3390/toxins15110657
PMID:37999520
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10674679/
Abstract

Microbial interactions including competition, mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, and predation, which can be triggered by nutrient acquisition and chemical communication, are universal phenomena in the marine ecosystem. The interactions may influence the microbial population density, metabolism, and even their environmental functions. Herein, we investigated the interaction between a heterotrophic bicosoecid flagellate, sp. (Bicoecea), and a dinoflagellate, (Dinophyceae), which is a well-known ciguatera food poisoning (CFP) culprit. The presence of sp. inhibited the algal proliferation and decreased the cardiotoxicity of zebrafish in the algal extract exposure experiment. Moreover, a significant difference in microbiome abundance was observed in algal cultures with and without sp. Chemical analysis targeting toxins was performed by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) combined with molecular networking (MN), showing a significant alteration in the cellular production of gambierone analogs and some super-carbon chain compounds. Taken together, our results demonstrated the impact of heterotrophic flagellate on the photosynthetic dinoflagellates, revealing the complex dynamics of algal toxin production and the ecological relationships related to dinoflagellates in the marine environment.

摘要

微生物相互作用包括竞争、互利共生、共生、寄生和捕食，这些作用可以通过营养获取和化学通讯来触发，是海洋生态系统中的普遍现象。这些相互作用可能会影响微生物种群密度、代谢，甚至影响它们的环境功能。在此，我们研究了一种异养双鞭毛藻（Bicoecea）和一种甲藻（Dinophyceae）之间的相互作用，后者是众所周知的雪卡鱼中毒（CFP）的罪魁祸首。在藻类提取物暴露实验中， sp. 的存在抑制了藻类的增殖，并降低了斑马鱼的心脏毒性。此外，在有和没有 sp. 的藻类培养物中，微生物组丰度存在显著差异。通过使用液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）结合分子网络（MN）对毒素进行靶向化学分析，显示出 Gambierone 类似物和一些超级碳链化合物的细胞产量发生了显著变化。总之，我们的结果表明，异养鞭毛虫对光合作用甲藻的影响，揭示了海洋环境中甲藻产生藻毒素和与甲藻相关的生态关系的复杂动态。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/77ff/10674679/c1348e0a2f6b/toxins-15-00657-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/77ff/10674679/88231a1722e2/toxins-15-00657-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/77ff/10674679/6ae92ed70aaf/toxins-15-00657-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/77ff/10674679/9d5ed1f89b18/toxins-15-00657-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/77ff/10674679/425703000ae3/toxins-15-00657-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/77ff/10674679/7789082aa223/toxins-15-00657-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/77ff/10674679/bd21ec6e7a92/toxins-15-00657-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/77ff/10674679/c1348e0a2f6b/toxins-15-00657-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/77ff/10674679/88231a1722e2/toxins-15-00657-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/77ff/10674679/6ae92ed70aaf/toxins-15-00657-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/77ff/10674679/9d5ed1f89b18/toxins-15-00657-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/77ff/10674679/425703000ae3/toxins-15-00657-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/77ff/10674679/7789082aa223/toxins-15-00657-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/77ff/10674679/bd21ec6e7a92/toxins-15-00657-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/77ff/10674679/c1348e0a2f6b/toxins-15-00657-g007.jpg

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