Pozza Carlotta, Tenuta Marta, Sesti Franz, Bertolotto Michele, Huang Dean Y, Sidhu Paul S, Maggi Mario, Isidori Andrea M, Lotti Francesco
Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Department of Radiology, Ospedale Di Cattinara, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
Cancers (Basel). 2023 Nov 8;15(22):5332. doi: 10.3390/cancers15225332.
Ultrasonography (US) represents the gold standard imaging method for the assessment of testicular lesions (TL). The gray-scale (GSUS) and color-Doppler (CDUS) ultrasound examination allow sonographers to investigate the size, margins, echotexture, and vascular features of TLs with the aim to differentiate benign from malignant lesions. Recently, the use of contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) and sonoelastography (SE) has led to further improvements in the differential diagnosis of TL. Although GSUS and CDUS are often sufficient to suggest the benign or malignant nature of the TL, CEUS can be decisive in the differential diagnosis of unclear findings, while SE can help to strengthen the diagnosis. The contemporary combination of GSUS, CDUS, CEUS, and SE has led to a new diagnostic paradigm named multiparametric US (mp-US), which is able to provide a more detailed characterization of TLs than single techniques alone. This narrative and pictorial review aimed to describe the mp-US appearance of several TLs.
An extensive Medline search was performed to identify studies in the English language focusing on the mp-US evaluation of TLs.
A practical mp-US "identity card" and iconographic characterization of several benign and malignant TLs is provided herein.
The mp-US characterization of TL reported herein can be useful in daily clinical practice.
超声检查（US）是评估睾丸病变（TL）的金标准成像方法。灰阶超声（GSUS）和彩色多普勒超声（CDUS）检查使超声医师能够研究TL的大小、边缘、回声纹理和血管特征，以区分良性和恶性病变。最近，超声造影（CEUS）和超声弹性成像（SE）的应用进一步改善了TL的鉴别诊断。虽然GSUS和CDUS通常足以提示TL的良性或恶性性质，但CEUS在不明结果的鉴别诊断中可能起决定性作用，而SE有助于强化诊断。GSUS、CDUS、CEUS和SE的联合应用形成了一种名为多参数超声（mp-US）的新诊断模式，它能够比单一技术更详细地描述TL的特征。本叙述性和图像综述旨在描述几种TL的mp-US表现。
进行广泛的Medline检索，以确定侧重于TL的mp-US评估的英文研究。
本文提供了几种良性和恶性TL的实用mp-US“识别卡”和图像特征。
本文报道的TL的mp-US特征在日常临床实践中可能有用。
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