Xiong Liang, Wang Kai, Song Mingtong, Azad Md Abul Kalam, Zhu Qian, Kong Xiangfeng
CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, China.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Oct 29;12(11):1926. doi: 10.3390/antiox12111926.
This study evaluated the effects of betaine supplementation in sows and/or their offspring's diets on the redox status, immune and inflammatory levels, colonic barrier function, and colonic microbial community of offspring piglets. Thirty-six Bama mini-sows on day 3 of gestation and their weaned offspring piglets (28 d of age) were randomly allocated to the following treatments: (1) sows and their weaned offspring fed the basal diet (control group, Con group); (2) sows fed the basal diet with 3.50 kg/t betaine, and their weaned offspring fed the basal diet (sows betaine group, SB group); (3) sows fed the basal diet with 3.50 kg/t betaine, and their weaned offspring fed the basal diet with 2.50 kg/t betaine (sow-offspring betaine group, S-OB group). Six offspring piglets from each group were selected to collect plasma and colon samples on d 30, 60, and 90 after weaning. Compared with the Con group, the plasma levels of IgA, IgM, GSH-Px, and SOD during d 30-90 after weaning, IFN-α, T-AOC, and GSH on d 30 and 60 after weaning were increased, while MDA during d 30-90 after weaning was decreased in the SB and S-OB groups ( < 0.05). In addition, the plasma levels of IFN-γ on d 60 and T-AOC on d 30 after weaning were higher in the S-OB group than those in the Con group ( < 0.05). In the colon, betaine supplementation increased plasma T-AOC, GSH, and SOD levels while decreasing MDA concentration ( < 0.05). Betaine supplementation improved the colonic protein abundances of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin in offspring and activated the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway while inhibiting the TLR4-NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway on d 90 after weaning. The 16S rRNA sequencing results showed that betaine supplementation altered colonic microbiota composition by increasing the relative abundances of Verrucomicrobia and Actinobacteria in the SB group while decreasing proinflammatory-associated microbiota abundances (Tenericutes, , and ) ( < 0.05). Collectively, these findings suggest that dietary betaine supplementation in sows and/or their offspring could improve offspring piglets' redox status and immune and anti-inflammatory levels and enhance the colonic barrier function by activating Nrf2/Keap1 and inhibiting TLR4-NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways.
本研究评估了在母猪和/或其后代日粮中添加甜菜碱对断奶后仔猪氧化还原状态、免疫和炎症水平、结肠屏障功能以及结肠微生物群落的影响。36头妊娠第3天的巴马小型母猪及其断奶仔猪（28日龄）被随机分配到以下处理组：（1）母猪及其断奶后代饲喂基础日粮（对照组，Con组）；（2）母猪饲喂含3.50 kg/t甜菜碱的基础日粮，其断奶后代饲喂基础日粮（母猪甜菜碱组，SB组）；（3）母猪饲喂含3.50 kg/t甜菜碱的基础日粮，其断奶后代饲喂含2.50 kg/t甜菜碱的基础日粮（母猪-后代甜菜碱组，S-OB组）。每组选取6头断奶后第30、60和90天的仔猪采集血浆和结肠样本。与Con组相比，SB组和S-OB组断奶后第30 - 90天血浆中IgA、IgM、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）水平、断奶后第30和60天血浆中干扰素-α（IFN-α）、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）和谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平升高，而断奶后第30 - 90天血浆中丙二醛（MDA）水平降低（P < 0.05）。此外，S-OB组断奶后第60天血浆中干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）水平和断奶后第30天血浆中T-AOC水平高于Con组（P < 0.05）。在结肠中，添加甜菜碱可提高血浆T-AOC、GSH和SOD水平，同时降低MDA浓度（P < 0.05）。添加甜菜碱可提高断奶后第90天后代结肠中紧密连接蛋白1（ZO-1）、闭合蛋白和 Claudin 的蛋白质丰度，激活核因子E2相关因子2（Nrf2）/ Kelch样环氧氯丙烷相关蛋白1（Keap1）信号通路，同时抑制Toll样受体4（TLR4）-核因子κB（NF-κB）/丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号通路。16S核糖体RNA（rRNA）测序结果表明，添加甜菜碱可改变结肠微生物群组成，SB组疣微菌门和放线菌门的相对丰度增加，而与促炎相关的微生物群丰度（柔膜菌门、[此处原文缺失两个微生物门类名称]）降低（P < 0.05）。总的来说，这些研究结果表明，在母猪和/或其后代日粮中添加甜菜碱可改善断奶仔猪的氧化还原状态、免疫和抗炎水平，并通过激活Nrf2/Keap1和抑制TLR4-NF-κB/MAPK信号通路增强结肠屏障功能。
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