1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 10679 Athens, Greece.
Department of Psychology, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, 17671 Athens, Greece.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2023 Nov 2;59(11):1942. doi: 10.3390/medicina59111942.
Impulse Control Disorders (ICDs) including pathological gambling, hypersexuality, compulsive eating, compulsive buying, and other related behaviors are well-known distinct non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's Disease (PD). Some large-scale studies present a prevalence of at least 10%, however, there are other reports providing much higher rates. The majority of the conducted studies investigating ICDs focus mainly on pharmacological factors, however, from a psychological perspective, there is yet enough room for investigation. In order to address the above issues, we designed a two-part study. First, we aimed to identify the incidence of ICD and related behaviors in a cohort of 892 Greek PD patients. Second, we administered a comprehensive battery of psychometric tools to assess psychological factors such as personality dimensions, quality of life, defenses, coherence, and resilience as well as to screen general cognitive capacity in PD patients with ICD manifestations. With regard to the first part, we identified ICD manifestations in 12.4% of the patients. Preliminary findings from the second part indicate elevated activity, rather than impulsivity, as well as interrelations between several variables, including measures of activity, coping mechanisms, and quality of life. We present a working hypothesis for the contribution of high activity channeled to specific behavioral patterns through specific coping mechanisms, concerning the emergence of ICDs and related behaviors in PD, and further stress the importance of compulsivity rather than impulsivity in this process.
冲动控制障碍（ICDs），包括病理性赌博、性欲亢进、强迫性进食、强迫性购买和其他相关行为，是帕金森病（PD）中众所周知的明确非运动症状。一些大规模研究报告的患病率至少为 10%，但也有其他报告提供了更高的患病率。大多数研究 ICD 的研究主要集中在药理学因素上，但从心理学角度来看，仍有足够的研究空间。为了解决上述问题，我们设计了一项两部分的研究。首先，我们旨在确定 892 名希腊 PD 患者队列中 ICD 和相关行为的发生率。其次，我们采用了一套全面的心理测量工具，评估心理因素，如人格维度、生活质量、防御机制、连贯性和韧性，以及筛查有 ICD 表现的 PD 患者的一般认知能力。关于第一部分，我们在 12.4%的患者中发现了 ICD 表现。第二部分的初步结果表明，活动度升高，而不是冲动性，以及包括活动度、应对机制和生活质量在内的几个变量之间存在相互关系。我们提出了一个工作假设，即高活动度通过特定的应对机制引导特定的行为模式，这与 PD 中 ICD 和相关行为的出现有关，并进一步强调在这个过程中强迫性而不是冲动性的重要性。
