School of Natural Science Education, Vinh University, 182 Le Duan, Vinh City 43000, Vietnam.
Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 50000, Vietnam.
Molecules. 2023 Nov 9;28(22):7505. doi: 10.3390/molecules28227505.
The essential oils of five Vietnamese species (, , , , and ) were first hydro-distilled and analyzed using GC-FID/MS (gas chromatography-flame ionization detection/mass spectrometry). Monoterpene hydrocarbons, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and oxygenated sesquiterpenoids were the main chemical classes in these oils. All these essential oils showed good-excellent antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria , , and , and the yeast leaf essential oil, rich in bicyclogermacrene (25.3%), ()--elemene (12.2%), ()-caryophyllene (8.2%), and -selinene (7.4%), as well as fruit essential oil containing ()-caryophyllene (14.2%), -pinene (12.1%), caryophyllene oxide (10.9%), -selinene (10.8%), -selinene (8.0%), and -humulene (5.7%), established the same MIC value of 8 µg/mL against and , which were much better than the positive control streptomycin (MIC 128-256 µg/mL). The studied essential oils showed the potential to defend against mosquitoes since they caused the 24 and 48 h LC values of less than 50 µg/mL against the growth of and larvae. Especially, leaf essential oil strongly inhibited larvae with 24 and 48 h LC values of 6.73 and 6.73 µg/mL, respectively, and 24 and 48 h LC values of 13.37 and 10.83 µg/mL, respectively. These findings imply that Vietnamese essential oils might have potential for use as supplemental antibacterial agents or as "green" alternatives for the control of mosquitoes.
五种越南产植物（、、、和）的精油首次采用水蒸馏法提取，并使用 GC-FID/MS（气相色谱-火焰离子化检测/质谱）进行分析。这些精油中的主要化学成分为单萜烃、倍半萜烃和含氧倍半萜。所有这些精油均表现出良好至优异的抗革兰氏阳性菌、、和酵母菌的活性，而富含双环倍半萜烯（25.3%）、（）-榄香醇（12.2%）、（）-石竹烯（8.2%）和 -杜松烯（7.4%）的精油，以及含有（）-石竹烯（14.2%）、-蒎烯（12.1%）、石竹烯氧化物（10.9%）、-杜松烯（10.8%）、-杜松烯（8.0%）和 -葎草烯（5.7%）的精油，对和的 MIC 值相同，均为 8 µg/mL，优于阳性对照链霉素（MIC 128-256 µg/mL）。研究表明，这些精油具有抗蚊作用，因为它们对和幼虫的 24 和 48 h LC 值均小于 50 µg/mL。特别是，叶精油对幼虫的抑制作用最强，24 和 48 h LC 值分别为 6.73 和 6.73 µg/mL，24 和 48 h LC 值分别为 13.37 和 10.83 µg/mL。这些发现表明，越南植物精油可能具有作为辅助抗菌剂或作为控制蚊子的“绿色”替代品的潜力。
