Mostafa Gamal A E, El-Tohamy Maha F, Ali Essam A, Al-Salahi Rashad, Attwa Mohamed W, AlRabiah Haitham
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
Molecules. 2023 Nov 12;28(22):7552. doi: 10.3390/molecules28227552.
Gemcitabine is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat various malignancies, including breast and bladder cancer. In the current study, three innovative selective gemcitabine hydrochloride sensors are developed using 4-tert-butylcalix-[8]-arene (sensor 1), β-cyclodextrin (sensor 2), and γ-cyclodextrin (sensor 3) as ionophores. The three sensors were prepared by incorporating the ionophores with -nitrophenyl octyl ether as plasticizer and potassium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl) borate as ionic additive into a polyvinyl chloride polymer matrix. These sensors are considered environmentally friendly systems in the analytical research. The linear responses of gemcitabine hydrochloride were in the concentration range of 6.0 × 10 to 1.0 × 10 mol L and 9.0 × 10 to 1.0 × 10 mol L and 8.0 × 10 to 1.0 × 10 mol L for sensors 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Over the pH range of 6-9, fast-Nernst slopes of 52 ± 0.6, 56 ± 0.3, and 55 ± 0.8 mV/decade were found in the same order with correlation regressions of 0.998, 0.999, and 0.998, respectively. The lower limits of detection for the prepared sensors were 2.5 × 10, 2.2 × 10, and 2.7 × 10 mol L. The sensors showed high selectivity and sensitivity for gemcitabine. Validation of the sensors was carried out in accordance with the requirements established by the IUPAC, while being inexpensive and easy to use in drug formulation. A statistical analysis of the methods in comparison with the official method showed that there was no significant difference in accuracy or precision between them. It was shown that the new sensors could selectively and accurately find gemcitabine hydrochloride in bulk powder, pharmaceutical formulations, and quality control tests. The ionophore-based sensor shows several advantages over conventional PVC membrane sensor sensors regrading the lower limit of detection, and higher selectivity towards the target ion.
吉西他滨是一种用于治疗包括乳腺癌和膀胱癌在内的多种恶性肿瘤的化疗药物。在本研究中，使用4-叔丁基杯[8]芳烃（传感器1）、β-环糊精（传感器2）和γ-环糊精（传感器3）作为离子载体，开发了三种创新的选择性盐酸吉西他滨传感器。这三种传感器是通过将离子载体与作为增塑剂的硝基苯基辛醚和作为离子添加剂的四（4-氯苯基）硼酸钾掺入聚氯乙烯聚合物基质中制备而成。在分析研究中，这些传感器被认为是环保型系统。盐酸吉西他滨的线性响应范围分别为传感器1为6.0×10至1.0×10 mol/L、传感器2为9.0×10至1.0×10 mol/L、传感器3为8.0×10至1.0×10 mol/L。在pH值6 - 9范围内，发现快速能斯特斜率分别为52±0.6、56±0.3和55±0.8 mV/十倍，相关回归系数分别为0.998、0.999和0.998。所制备传感器的检测下限分别为2.5×10、2.2×10和2.7×10 mol/L。这些传感器对吉西他滨具有高选择性和高灵敏度。传感器的验证是按照国际纯粹与应用化学联合会（IUPAC）制定的要求进行的，同时价格低廉且易于在药物制剂中使用。与官方方法相比对这些方法进行的统计分析表明，它们在准确性或精密度方面没有显著差异。结果表明，新型传感器能够在散装粉末、药物制剂和质量控制测试中选择性且准确地检测出盐酸吉西他滨。基于离子载体的传感器在检测下限和对目标离子的更高选择性方面比传统PVC膜传感器具有多个优势。
